28 Gauge vs. .410: Which Sub-Gauge Shotgun Reigns Supreme?
For shooters of smaller stature, or those sensitive to recoil, sub-gauge shotguns can be a godsend. While 12- and 20-gauge shotguns are the most common, many find them too heavy or powerful. This is where the smaller gauges step in.
The .410 bore has been a long-standing favorite among sub-gauge enthusiasts, but the 28 gauge is quickly gaining ground as a viable alternative. In fact, some are even starting to wonder if the 28 gauge is superior, especially when it comes to turkey hunting.
So, is it time to ditch the .410 and embrace the 28 gauge? This article will provide a comprehensive comparison of the 28 gauge vs 410, covering everything from performance and handling to cost and suitability for different applications, including that all-important turkey hunt.
The .410 bore: A classic sub-gauge
The .410 bore is a longtime favorite, especially for young shooters who are just getting into the sport. It’s also a popular low-recoil option for hunting small game and controlling pests.
Strengths of the .410
One of the best things about the .410 is that the ammunition is pretty easy to find and relatively inexpensive. Also, shotguns chambered in .410 are often lightweight and easy to carry around when you’re out in the field.
Limitations of the .410
The .410 has a smaller payload, which means it has a more limited range. The pattern density can also be a little unreliable, particularly when you’re shooting at longer distances.
The 28 gauge: Rising star of the sub-gauges
The 28 gauge is the scrappy underdog of the shotgun world. Those in the know have always been a little bit in love with its magic.
The 28 is known for its balanced performance, so let’s examine its advantages and drawbacks.
Advantages of the 28 gauge
The 28 gauge offers a more consistent and dense shot pattern than the .410, particularly when you’re shooting at more distant targets. It’s also effective for a wider range of game birds.
Drawbacks of the 28 gauge
One drawback is that ammo tends to be pricier than .410 shells. For example, Apex TSS 9½-shot shells can run to $8.39 per shell.
You’ll also notice a bit more recoil than you would with a .410, but it’s still very manageable.
Performance Comparison: Pattern Testing
To get a sense of how these two gauges stack up, I put them through a pattern test. Here’s what I did and what I found.
Testing Methodology
I tested a Mossberg SA-series shotgun in .410 and another in 28 gauge. I also used a Mossberg 500 in .410 that has a fixed full choke.
I used turkey-patterning targets and counted the number of pellets that hit within a 10-inch circle.
Pattern Test Results at 30 Yards
At 30 yards, the .410 averaged 160 hits inside the 10-inch circle, with a maximum of 195 hits. The 28 gauge averaged 210 hits within that same circle.
The 28 gauge showed a denser, more consistent pattern at this distance.
Pattern Test Results at 40 Yards
When I moved back to 40 yards, the .410’s average pellet count dropped to 67 hits within the 10-inch circle. The 28 gauge averaged 152 hits.
As you can see, the .410’s pattern performance dropped off significantly with the added distance.
Pattern Test Results at 50 Yards
I also took a few shots at 50 yards with the 28 gauge. The first shot put 73 pellets inside the 10-inch circle, and the second shot landed 97 pellets inside the circle.
Based on these pattern tests, the 28 gauge seems to maintain an effective range out to 50 yards, while the .410’s effective range is more limited, perhaps to 30 or 40 yards.
Ammunition: Loads, price, and availability
Let’s take a look at what’s available for each and what it’ll cost you.
Ammunition options for .410
The .410 comes in a variety of shot sizes and load types, but standard .410 loads may not be the best choice for every application.
Ammunition options for 28 gauge
The 28 gauge also offers a variety of shot sizes and load types, including some premium options like Tungsten Super Shot (TSS).
TSS cartridges are a mix of tungsten, nickel, and iron that creates a very dense pellet. Their smaller size means you can fit more pellets into each shell, giving you a denser shot pattern. Many hunters swear by the superior performance of these loads.
Price and availability comparison
Generally, you’ll find that .410 shells are easier to find at retailers than 28 gauge. However, that convenience comes at a price: performance. And, surprisingly, a higher price, too. For example, .410 shells may cost around $6.19 each for Apex #9.5 shot. A comparable 28 gauge shell (Apex TSS 9½-shot) will run you about $8.39 each.
Handling and Recoil: What to Expect
The weight and ergonomics of a shotgun can really affect how it feels to shoot. Here’s how the .410 and 28 gauge typically compare:
Shotgun Weight and Feel
Generally, .410 shotguns are lighter than 28 gauge models, but that’s not always the case. The weight of the gun has a direct impact on how much recoil you feel when you shoot.
Recoil Comparison
The .410 is famous for its very light recoil. The 28 gauge has a bit more of a kick, but most shooters find it very manageable. Recoil depends on a few things, including the weight of the shot and its velocity as it leaves the barrel. But in general, the 28 gauge is still comfortable for most people.
Which is Right for You?
Because of its minimal recoil, the .410 is often recommended for young or small-framed shooters, or anyone who’s particularly sensitive to recoil. The 28 gauge is a good step up from the .410, offering more power without a huge increase in recoil. You’ll want to think about who’s going to be shooting and what they’re comfortable with.
Hunting and Sporting Applications
Both the .410 bore and the 28 gauge have their place in the hunting and sporting world, though they excel in different areas.
.410 Bore Applications
The .410 is often favored for hunting small game like squirrels and rabbits, particularly at close ranges. It’s also a common choice for pest control and casual target shooting, thanks to its lighter recoil and lower noise level.
28 Gauge Applications
The 28 gauge shines in upland bird hunting, making it a great choice for quail or woodcock. It’s also becoming increasingly popular for turkey hunting, especially when paired with specialized loads that maximize its potential.
The Turkey Hunting Debate
When it comes to turkey hunting, the 28 gauge generally offers a longer effective range and a denser shot pattern compared to the .410. However, with the right ammunition and a skilled shooter, the .410 can still be a viable option, especially for new or smaller-framed hunters who might find the recoil of larger gauges intimidating.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the advantage of a 28 gauge shotgun?
The 28 gauge offers a sweet spot of power and recoil. It’s lighter to carry and shoot than larger gauges like the 20 or 12, making it ideal for smaller-framed shooters or those sensitive to recoil. It still packs enough punch for upland birds and clays, offering a challenging but rewarding experience.
Is a 28 gauge more powerful than a .410?
Yes, generally speaking, the 28 gauge is more powerful than the .410. The 28 gauge can hold more shot and typically has a better pattern density at longer ranges compared to the .410. While the .410 is often marketed towards beginners, the 28 gauge offers a better balance of power and manageable recoil for experienced shooters.
Can you hunt turkey with a 28 gauge shotgun?
While it’s possible to hunt turkey with a 28 gauge, it’s generally not recommended. Ethical and effective turkey hunting requires sufficient downrange energy and pattern density. The 28 gauge is marginal for this purpose, especially at longer ranges. You’d need specialized turkey loads and very careful shot placement. Stick to larger gauges for turkey hunting.
What is a .410 gauge equivalent to?
The .410 is unique among shotgun gauges. It’s often mistakenly thought of as a “gauge,” but it’s actually a caliber, measuring 0.41 inches in diameter. This is roughly equivalent to a 67 or 68 gauge shotgun, if such a thing existed. However, remember that the .410 uses a shotshell, so its power and range are still those of a shotgun, just a very small one.
Putting It All Together
The .410 bore and the 28 gauge each have advantages and disadvantages. The best choice depends on what you’re hunting, how far away your target is, how much you want to spend, and how sensitive you are to recoil.
In general, the 28 gauge provides a denser, more consistent shot pattern, especially at longer distances. For most hunting situations, the 28 gauge outperforms the .410.
But there’s no single “best” gauge for every hunter. This article isn’t meant to convince everyone who owns a .410 to rush out and buy a 28 gauge. However, understanding the potential benefits of the 28 can help you make an informed decision.
If you’re turkey hunting at longer ranges, a 28 gauge might give you an edge. If you prefer to stick with your .410, make sure you’re using the right choke and load to maximize your accuracy. No matter which gauge you choose, practice and ethical hunting practices are key to success.