The .40 S&W and the .45 ACP are two of the most popular handgun calibers out there, especially when it comes to self-defense. Each has its own set of features and characteristics that make it appealing to different shooters.
So, what are the key differences between the .40 vs .45, and which one is right for you? That’s what we’re here to explore. We’ll dive into the similarities and differences between these two calibers, helping you make an informed decision based on your individual needs and preferences.
Ultimately, the best caliber for you will depend on a few things: your personal preferences, what you intend to use the handgun for, and how well you can handle each caliber’s recoil and other characteristics.
A look at the history and development
Both the .45 ACP and the .40 S&W have interesting backstories. Here’s a quick look.
The .45 ACP: A Century of Service
Designed by the legendary John Browning, the .45 ACP (Automatic Colt Pistol) was adopted by the U.S. Army back in 1911. The Army was looking for a more effective cartridge after experiencing issues during the Philippine-American War.
The .45 ACP saw action in both World War I and the Vietnam War. Even today, more than a century after its introduction, the .45 ACP remains a popular choice for some shooters.
The .40 S&W: A Response to a Perceived Need
The .40 S&W was developed in 1990 in response to a perceived need for a more effective cartridge for law enforcement. The infamous 1986 Miami shootout, in which two FBI agents were killed, highlighted some of the shortcomings of existing ammunition.
The .40 S&W was designed as a compromise between the 9mm and the .45 ACP, intended to offer a balance between stopping power and magazine capacity.
Technical Specifications and Ballistic Performance
When it comes to comparing the .45 ACP and the .40 S&W, the devil’s in the details. Here’s a rundown of the technical specs and how these rounds perform.
Cartridge Dimensions and Design
The .45 ACP is built around a .45-inch bullet, with the bullet itself measuring .451 inches in diameter. As you might guess, the .40 S&W caliber clocks in at .40 inches.
Muzzle Velocity and Energy Comparison
The .40 S&W generally boasts a muzzle velocity between 1,000 and 1,350 feet per second (fps), delivering an energy of around 400 to 500 foot-pounds (ft-lbs).
The .45 ACP, on the other hand, typically has a muzzle velocity ranging from 835 to 1,150 fps. Its energy is in a similar range to the .40 S&W.
Understanding Terminal Ballistics
Terminal ballistics refers to what happens when the bullet hits its target. This is where the concept of “stopping power” comes in, though it’s a pretty subjective idea. Some people believe that a larger, heavier bullet is more effective at stopping a threat, while others prioritize faster, lighter rounds. Ultimately, the effectiveness depends on a lot of factors, including shot placement, the type of ammunition used, and the specific situation.
Ammunition capacity, handgun size, and concealability
The .40 S&W round is smaller than the .45 ACP. As a result, a pistol chambered in .40 S&W will often have more room in its magazine than a pistol chambered in .45 ACP.
The larger size of the .45 ACP cartridge means .45 ACP pistols tend to be larger and heavier than .40 S&W pistols. The frame and slide need to be bigger to accommodate the larger round.
This has implications for concealed carry. Because they tend to be smaller, a .40 S&W pistol may be easier to conceal than a .45 ACP for some people, depending on their body type, clothing, and carry method.
Recoil and Shootability
The .45 ACP and the 40 S&W are known for having some recoil, but people often describe the recoil of the .45 ACP as “smoother.” This is subjective, of course, and “felt recoil” is influenced by many things.
For example, a heavier handgun will generally have less felt recoil than a lighter one. The design of the grip can also change how you perceive recoil, as can your own sensitivity to it.
Manageable recoil is crucial for accuracy, especially if you need to make fast follow-up shots. If you can’t comfortably handle the recoil, you’re less likely to hit your target consistently.
Ultimately, becoming proficient with either caliber comes down to training and practice. With enough time and effort, most people can master the recoil of both the .45 ACP and the 40 S&W.
Cost of ownership and ammunition availability
Let’s talk about the money.
Generally speaking, the .40 S&W is easier on your wallet because its ammunition tends to be cheaper than the .45 ACP. The difference isn’t huge, but it can add up over time if you’re a frequent shooter.
As for availability, both calibers are pretty common. You shouldn’t have a hard time finding ammo for either one, but keep in mind that supply and demand can be unpredictable.
Frequently Asked Questions
Will a .45 ACP stop an intruder?
The .45 ACP has a reputation for stopping power, and it can be effective against an intruder. However, there are no guarantees in a self-defense situation. Shot placement is absolutely critical. A hit in a vital area is far more likely to stop an attacker than a poorly placed shot, regardless of the caliber. Factors like clothing, body mass, and the intruder’s state of mind (drugs, adrenaline) also play a significant role. The .45 ACP’s larger size makes it more challenging for some to shoot accurately under stress, which is something to consider.
Will a .40 S&W stop a bear?
While technically possible, using a .40 S&W against a bear is generally not recommended. It’s considered underpowered for reliable bear defense, especially against larger bears like grizzlies. Bear spray is a far more effective and humane option. If you must use a firearm, a larger, more powerful caliber specifically designed for bear defense (like a 10mm, .44 Magnum, or .45-70) is preferable. Even then, shot placement is paramount, and you need to be prepared for multiple shots. Understand that even with a powerful firearm, you could still be injured or killed in a bear encounter. Prioritize avoidance and bear spray first.
Conclusion
The .40 S&W and the .45 ACP are both popular handgun cartridges, but they offer different strengths. The .40 S&W is often considered a good compromise between size, capacity, and power. The .45 ACP is prized for its stopping power.
When choosing between the two, there’s no single right answer. The best choice depends on your individual needs and preferences. What feels right in your hand? How well can you control the recoil? Do you value higher capacity or maximum stopping power?
If possible, try shooting both calibers before you make a decision. You might be surprised by what you discover.