Finding a dark spot on the white of your eye (the sclera) can be alarming, but often these spots are harmless. Still, any change in your eyes should be checked out by a professional.
This article will give you an overview of what could cause a black spot on your sclera, what symptoms might come with it, and how it’s typically managed. Remember, this information isn’t a substitute for medical advice.
If you notice any changes in your eyes, it’s important to get them evaluated by an eye doctor or other healthcare provider.
Common Causes of Dark Spots on the Sclera
So, you’ve noticed a dark spot on the white of your eye. What could it be?
Nevi (Eye Freckles)
Just like you can get freckles on your skin, you can get them on your eyes, too. These little spots, called nevi, are usually harmless and nothing to worry about. But, it’s a good idea to keep an eye on them (pun intended!) and see an eye doctor if you notice any changes in size, shape, or color. A sudden change in an eye freckle warrants a checkup with your eye doctor.
Pinguecula and Pterygium
A pinguecula is a yellowish, raised bump that crops up on the conjunctiva, often near the cornea. Pingueculae are often caused by too much sun, wind, or dust.
A pterygium is a growth that starts on the conjunctiva and can spread onto the cornea. Like pingueculae, pterygia are associated with UV exposure and environmental irritants. Both pingueculae and pterygia can cause irritation, redness, and blurry vision.
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
This sounds scary, but it’s usually not! It happens when a tiny blood vessel breaks under the conjunctiva. It creates a bright red patch, which isn’t exactly a dark spot, but it can look dark at first. The good news is that it’s usually painless and clears up on its own in a week or two.
Melanoma
Melanoma is a rare, but serious, type of eye cancer that can show up as a dark spot. It’s important to have any suspicious or growing dark spot checked out by an ophthalmologist to rule out anything serious.
Symptoms and Diagnosis
The primary symptom of any of these conditions is a dark spot on the white of the eye.
You might also notice:
- Irritation or dryness
- Redness
- Blurry vision
- Pain (though this is less common)
An eye doctor can usually diagnose the cause of a black spot on your sclera with a visual exam. They will also use a slit-lamp to look at your eye under high magnification. If they suspect melanoma, they may order imaging tests.
Treatment and Management Options
The best treatment for a spot on your sclera depends on what’s causing it.
Nevi
Usually, no treatment is necessary for nevi, unless your eye doctor sees changes in the spot. It’s important to have regular eye exams so your doctor can monitor any changes.
Pinguecula and Pterygium
For mild irritation from pinguecula or pterygium, lubricating eye drops may be all you need. If you have inflammation, your eye doctor may prescribe steroid eye drops.
In severe cases where your vision is affected, your doctor may recommend surgical removal of the growth.
Subconjunctival Hemorrhage
No treatment is usually needed for a subconjunctival hemorrhage. If you have any irritation, artificial tears can help.
Melanoma
The size and location of the melanoma will determine the best treatment. Your doctor may recommend surgery, radiation therapy, or laser therapy.
General Management
Regardless of the cause, it’s important to protect your eyes from UV light by wearing sunglasses with 100% UV protection. Also, try to avoid environmental irritants like dust and smoke.
Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection and monitoring of any eye conditions.
In Closing
A black spot on the white of your eye can be caused by any number of things, from harmless freckles to more serious problems. It’s important to understand what might be causing the discoloration and to recognize symptoms that could indicate a more serious condition.
Regular eye exams are critical to eye health. If you notice any changes to your eyes, it’s important to see an eye care professional right away.
You can also protect your eyes by wearing sunglasses when you’re in the sun and avoiding anything that might irritate them. Prioritizing your eye health will help keep your vision sharp and your eyes healthy for years to come.