The words “christening” and “baptism” are often used when talking about welcoming a baby into the Christian faith. But sometimes, people use the words to mean the same thing, which can be confusing.
So, what’s the difference between a christening and a baptism? This article will clarify how the two differ, and how they’re the same. We’ll explore the history of both practices, the theological ideas behind them, the rituals involved, and how different Christian groups celebrate them.
The Historical and Theological Roots of Baptism
To understand the difference between a christening and a baptism, it’s helpful to dig a little deeper into the origins of baptism itself.
Biblical Origins of Baptism
Baptism first appears in the New Testament, with John the Baptist. John baptized people in the Jordan River, and his baptism symbolized repentance, cleansing from sin, and a fresh start. Jesus himself was baptized by John (Matthew 3:13-17).
Baptism also serves as an act of obedience to Jesus’s command. In what’s known as the Great Commission, Jesus tells his followers to go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit (Matthew 28:19-20).
The Development of Baptismal Theology
From the very beginning of the church, baptism has been an important rite. Early Christians saw it as a sacrament, a visible sign of God’s grace. However, different theological views on baptism soon emerged. Some believe in believer’s baptism, which means a person should be old enough to understand and consciously choose to be baptized. Others practice infant baptism, believing that babies can be included in God’s covenant through baptism.
The Development of “Christening”
The word “christening” has evolved over time, becoming closely linked to the naming ceremony that often happens alongside infant baptism. In some church traditions, “christening” refers only to the part of the ceremony where the child receives their name.
Some denominations use “christening” more broadly to mean both infant baptism and dedication. Infant dedication is a ceremony where parents promise to raise their child in the Christian faith, but the child isn’t actually baptized until they’re old enough to make that decision for themselves.
Regardless of the specific theological meaning, christenings are often important cultural events. They’re a chance for families to gather, celebrate, and pass on traditions. Christenings are often seen as a child’s formal introduction to their community, both within the church and in their wider social circle.
Key Differences and Similarities
While the terms “christening” and “baptism” are often used interchangeably, especially when talking about infants, it’s important to understand the distinctions between the two.
Theological Differences
The core theological difference lies in the meaning behind the ritual. Baptism is a sacrament, or ordinance, signifying the washing away of sins and welcoming a person into the Christian faith. Christening often emphasizes the naming of the child and welcoming them into the church community.
Different Christian denominations hold different views about whether baptism is absolutely necessary for salvation. Some denominations believe it’s essential, while others see it as an important symbol but not a requirement for entering heaven.
Baptism traditionally requires a profession of faith, either by the person being baptized or, in the case of infants, by their parents or godparents on their behalf. Christening may focus more on the parents’ commitment to raising the child in the Christian faith.
Ritual and Practice
Baptism typically involves immersion in water or sprinkling with water, symbolizing cleansing and new life. Christening often centers on the naming ceremony and prayers for the child’s well-being.
Both christenings and baptisms usually involve godparents, who promise to help raise the child in the Christian faith. However, the specific roles and responsibilities of godparents can vary depending on the denomination and the family’s preferences.
Terminology and Usage
In some denominations, such as Anglican and Catholic churches, “christening” and “baptism” are often used as synonyms, especially when referring to the baptism of infants.
However, in other denominations, like Baptist churches, “baptism” is the preferred term, and “christening” may not be used at all.
Denominational Variations
While the core meaning of baptism remains consistent across Christianity, different denominations have unique practices and theological interpretations. Here’s a look at some key variations:
Catholic and Orthodox Traditions
In the Catholic and Orthodox churches, baptism is a sacrament that imparts grace and cleanses original sin. Infant baptism is common, with godparents playing a vital role in the child’s spiritual upbringing. During the ceremony, chrism oil is used for anointing. The terms “christening” and “baptism” are generally interchangeable within these traditions.
Anglican Tradition
The Anglican Church views baptism as a sacrament that incorporates individuals into the Christian community. Like Catholics, Anglicans practice both infant baptism and believer’s baptism (baptism after a profession of faith). The words “christening” and “baptism” are often used synonymously.
Protestant Traditions (Baptist, Presbyterian, Methodist, etc.)
Baptist churches typically emphasize believer’s baptism by immersion, rejecting infant baptism. Baptism is seen as an act of obedience and a public declaration of faith. Baptists tend to avoid the term “christening,” preferring the term “baptism.” Presbyterian and Methodist churches may include infant baptism, but their theological understanding of the sacrament can vary.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can an adult be christened?
While the term “christening” is typically associated with infants, adults generally undergo baptism, often involving full immersion in water. The distinction lies more in tradition and terminology than theological difference. Many churches would encourage baptism for adult converts seeking full membership.
Is christening and baptism the same thing?
Yes, christening and baptism are essentially the same sacrament. “Christening” is more commonly used in certain denominations, like Anglican and some Protestant churches, especially when referring to infants. “Baptism” is a more universal term across Christianity.
What religion are you if you are christened?
Christening signifies entry into the Christian faith. The specific denomination depends on the church where the christening takes place. It’s usually within a Christian denomination. It is important to note that many churches wait until a person is old enough to make a mature decision to be baptized.
Are Catholic babies baptised or christened?
Catholic babies are baptized. The Catholic Church recognizes baptism as the first sacrament of initiation, cleansing original sin and welcoming the child into the Christian community. While “christening” isn’t the term typically used, the ritual and its significance are the same as what other denominations might call a christening.
The Bottom Line
While the terms “christening” and “baptism” are sometimes used interchangeably, there are important differences between them, both theologically and practically. If you’re speaking with someone about these rites, it’s important to know their denominational tradition and how they’re using these terms.
In some denominations, christening is the term used for the baptism of infants, while baptism is reserved for adults who profess their faith. In other denominations, only adult baptism is practiced, and christening isn’t part of their tradition at all. And in still others, the terms are synonymous.
Whatever the terminology, both christening and baptism are significant milestones in the lives of Christians and their families. They represent belonging, welcome, and spiritual commitment.