English vs. American Labradors: What’s the Difference?
The Labrador Retriever consistently tops the charts as one of the most beloved dog breeds, and for good reason. Originally bred in Newfoundland as working dogs, Labs are known for their intelligence, trainability, and friendly nature. They come in three main colors: black, yellow, and chocolate.
While all Labs share a common ancestry, two distinct types have emerged: the English Labrador (also known as the British or Show Labrador) and the American Labrador (also known as the Field or Working Labrador). Although they are both undeniably Labrador Retrievers, they possess distinct characteristics in terms of appearance, temperament, and working style.
This article explores the key differences between English and American Labradors to help prospective owners determine which type is the best fit for their lifestyle and needs. Let’s dive in!
Origins and Breed Standards
Labrador Retrievers started out as St. John’s Dogs in Newfoundland, Canada. Over time, breeders began to focus on specific traits. This led to the development of distinct “English” and “American” lines.
In the United States, breeders typically favored dogs that could work in the field and retrieve game. In England, the focus shifted to dogs suited for calmer hunting environments and the show ring.
It’s important to know that the American Kennel Club (AKC) recognizes both types as the same breed and there is just one AKC breed standard for Labs. However, that doesn’t mean there aren’t significant differences between English and American Labs. The breed standard allows for a lot of variety, and breeders have emphasized different traits over the years, leading to notable physical and behavioral variations within the Labrador Retriever breed.
Physical Characteristics: A Tale of Two Labs
While both types are unmistakably Labrador Retrievers, some key physical differences set the English and American varieties apart.
Size and Build
English Labs tend to be stockier with shorter legs. They typically stand 21.5 to 22.5 inches tall at the withers (the ridge between their shoulder blades). Males weigh between 55 and 74 pounds, while females weigh between 60 and 70 pounds.
American Labs are leaner, taller, and more athletic in appearance. They measure 21.5 to 24.5 inches at the withers. Males can weigh anywhere from 55 to 80 pounds, and females generally weigh between 55 and 70 pounds.
Head and Features
English Labs are known for their blockier heads and distinctive, thick “otter tail.” American Labs tend to have narrower heads and tails that are slightly less thick.
Coat and Color
Both English and American Labs share the same type of coat: a double coat that repels water and keeps them warm, even when swimming in icy rivers. Both types of Labs come in black, yellow, and chocolate.
It’s worth noting that some rare color variations, like silver and charcoal, exist, although their very existence is controversial among breeders and enthusiasts.
Temperament and Energy Levels: Comparing Personalities
Beyond their physical differences, English and American Labs also have different temperaments and energy levels.
English Labs
Generally, English Labs are known for being calmer and more mellow. People often describe them as gentle and great with kids. They tend to be less demanding when it comes to exercise and attention.
American Labs
American Labs usually have higher energy levels and a lot more enthusiasm for life. They can be more vocal and “high-strung” than their English cousins. American Labs need plenty of mental stimulation and physical activity to keep them happy and out of trouble.
The importance of training and socialization
It’s important to remember that a dog’s temperament is shaped by both genetics and training. Early socialization and consistent training are crucial for both English and American Labs.
It’s also important to adjust your training style to match your dog’s particular temperament. An English Lab might respond well to gentle guidance and positive reinforcement, while an American Lab might need more structured and challenging activities to keep them engaged.
Trainability and Hunting Prowess
Whether you choose an English or American Labrador, you’re signing up for a smart and eager-to-please dog who can be trained to do all sorts of things. Positive reinforcement is key, whether you’re teaching basic obedience or preparing for a field trial.
Hunting Styles
While both types of Labs are used as gundogs, hunters tend to prefer American Labs for intense, high-energy hunts, especially in demanding environments. They’re known for their agility and speed.
English Labs are often preferred for calmer, more controlled hunting situations. They tend to be steady even when the hunting action is intense.
Whatever their country of origin, good hunting Labs have “drive,” which refers to their motivation and energy to perform the tasks at hand. They should also have a natural instinct to retrieve.
Field Trials and Hunting Tests
In field trials and hunting tests, dogs are judged on their ability to perform tasks typically required in a hunting situation, such as marking, retrieving, and following commands. Both English and American Labs can do well in these competitions, though they may bring different strengths to the table.
According to the Labrador Retriever Club, the number of British Labs competing in field trials is on the rise.
Expert Opinions on Training
Tom Dokken, a well-known retriever trainer, has said that it’s important to match your training methods to the dog’s temperament. For example, a softer dog may respond better to gentle guidance, while a more headstrong dog may require a firmer hand.
Matty Lambden, a trainer in the UK, has said that acceptable behavior for a gundog may be different in the UK than in the U.S. In the UK, for example, it’s considered acceptable for a gundog to be a bit more independent and to range further from the handler.
Health Considerations
Labrador Retrievers, both English and American types, are prone to a few health problems. These include:
- Hip and elbow dysplasia, which can cause arthritis and mobility issues
- Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), which can lead to blindness
- Exercise-induced collapse (EIC), which can cause weakness and collapse after intense activity
While both types are generally healthy, they are susceptible to these breed-specific concerns. If you’re getting a Labrador puppy, it’s important to choose a reputable breeder who screens their dogs for these conditions.
Talk to your veterinarian about your dog’s specific health needs and how to keep them healthy.
Lifestyle Compatibility: Which Lab is Right for You?
Before you choose between an English and an American Lab, think about your lifestyle and what you’re hoping for in a dog.
- How active are you? Highly active people may prefer the boundless energy of an American Lab. If you’re more of a homebody or have young kids, the calmer temperament of an English Lab might be a better fit.
- What kind of hunting will you be doing? For intense, demanding hunts, an American Lab is often preferred. If you’re planning calmer, more controlled hunts, an English Lab might be ideal.
- What’s your training experience? Be realistic about your ability to train and socialize a dog. Make sure you can commit to helping a dog thrive. Choose a dog that fits your training skills and the resources you have available.
Meeting the Parents
If you’re buying a puppy, it’s important to meet the mother and father of the litter, if possible. Seeing the sire and dam can give you a good sense of the puppies’ likely temperament and overall health.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I tell if my Lab is English or American?
The easiest way to tell is by looking at their build. English Labs, or show-bred Labs, tend to be stockier with a broader head (“blockhead”) and shorter legs. American Labs, or field-bred Labs, are typically leaner, more athletic, and have longer legs and a narrower head.
Are English Labs calm dogs?
English Labs are generally known for their calmer and more laid-back temperament compared to American Labs. However, every dog is an individual, and their personality can be influenced by training, socialization, and genetics.
Which Lab has a blockhead?
English Labs are known for their distinctive “blockhead,” which is a broader, more square-shaped head compared to the American Lab’s narrower head. This is a key physical characteristic that helps distinguish between the two types.
Are American Labs or English Labs better?
Neither type is inherently “better.” It depends on your lifestyle and what you’re looking for in a dog. American Labs are typically more energetic and excel in field work, while English Labs are often calmer and make great family pets. It boils down to personal preference and finding a dog that matches your needs.
The Bottom Line
While both English and American Labs share the same history, they differ in appearance, temperament, and working style. English Labs tend to be stockier and calmer, while American Labs are often taller and more energetic.
Both types of Labradors make wonderful companions, but the best choice depends on your lifestyle and what you’re looking for in a dog.
When choosing a Labrador Retriever, be sure to do your research and only work with responsible breeders who prioritize the health and well-being of their dogs.