Millions of people experience gum disease, also known as periodontal disease. It’s a common condition, and understanding its nature is essential — including whether or not gum disease is contagious.
This article will explore the causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment options for gum disease, as well as whether or not it can spread from person to person. We will also clarify the difference between the disease itself and the bacteria that contribute to it, plus what that means for you.
What is gum disease?
Periodontal disease is an infection of the gums and bones that hold your teeth in place. Gum disease can range from mild gingivitis to severe periodontitis.
Plaque buildup is the main culprit. Plaque is a sticky film made of bacteria that’s constantly forming on your teeth.
If you don’t brush and floss away the plaque, it can harden into tartar (calculus). Tartar’s rough surface then allows even more plaque to accumulate.
Is gum disease contagious? Understanding the nuances
It’s important to understand the difference between the disease itself and the bacteria that cause it.
The disease vs. the bacteria
Periodontal disease isn’t contagious in the way that, say, a cold is contagious. You can’t “catch” periodontitis simply by being near someone who has it. However, the bacteria that contribute to gum disease can be transmitted through saliva.
Modes of transmission
The most common way these bacteria are transmitted is through contact with saliva. That can happen when you kiss someone or share utensils or toothbrushes.
Even if the bacteria are transmitted, it doesn’t automatically mean you’ll develop gum disease. Whether you develop gum disease depends on a range of factors, including your oral hygiene practices and how your immune system responds.
Risk factors and susceptibility
Even if you’re exposed to the bacteria, some factors can raise your risk of developing gum disease. Those include:
- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Hormonal changes
- Certain medications
- Genetics
Good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing, can dramatically reduce your risk, even if you’re exposed to the bacteria that cause gum disease.
What are the symptoms of gum disease?
If you catch gum disease early, you can treat it and prevent it from becoming more serious. That’s why it’s important to know the signs and symptoms:
- Bad breath
- Red, swollen, or bleeding gums
- Pain when chewing
- Loose teeth or tooth loss
- Sensitive teeth
- Receding gums
Keep in mind that you may not notice any symptoms in the early stages.
Treating Gum Disease
If you’re diagnosed with gum disease, you’ll want to start treatment right away to protect your teeth and gums.
Non-Surgical Treatments
In the early stages of gum disease, nonsurgical treatments are often effective. These may include professional dental cleanings, scaling and root planing to remove plaque and tartar below the gumline, and antibiotics to knock out any infection.
Surgical Treatments
If the gum disease is more advanced, you may need surgery. Some options include flap surgery to reach and clean deep pockets, bone grafting to replace lost bone, soft tissue grafting to cover exposed roots, and guided tissue regeneration to help rebuild damaged tissues.
The Importance of Prompt Treatment
Treating gum disease quickly is key to preventing more damage and potential tooth loss. Stick to your dentist’s recommendations to manage the disease effectively.
How to prevent gum disease
The best way to deal with gum disease is to prevent it from happening in the first place. That means maintaining a good oral health routine.
Here are some steps you can take:
- Brush your teeth twice a day.
- Floss every day.
- Ask your dentist whether you should use a fluoride toothpaste or mouthwash.
- Don’t use tobacco.
- Manage health conditions like diabetes.
- Visit your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings.
Suspect you have gum disease? Here’s what to do
If you think you have gum disease, schedule an appointment with your dentist ASAP.
Before you go:
- Write down your symptoms, any medical conditions you have, and all the medications you take.
- Make a list of questions to ask the dentist.
During your appointment, ask your dentist about the best way to treat your condition.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I give oral if I have gum disease?
While giving oral sex with gum disease isn’t a high-risk activity, it’s still something to consider. The bacteria causing your gum disease could, in theory, be transferred to your partner. While unlikely to cause gum disease directly, it could introduce harmful bacteria. Treating your gum disease first is the best approach.
What if my partner has gum disease?
If your partner has gum disease, it’s wise to be extra cautious about saliva exchange. While gum disease itself isn’t directly contagious in the traditional sense, the bacteria responsible can be transferred. Maintaining excellent oral hygiene yourself – brushing, flossing, and using mouthwash – is crucial. Encourage your partner to seek treatment, too! Regular dental check-ups are also key for both of you.
Conclusion
While you can’t exactly “catch” gum disease, the bacteria that contribute to it can be passed from person to person through saliva. To prevent and manage gum disease, be sure to practice good oral hygiene, go to the dentist regularly, and address any risk factors you may have.