Norway and Scotland are two popular tourist destinations with plenty in common. Both are known for dramatic, natural beauty and share a strong historical connection, especially when it comes to Viking influence.
But which country is right for your next vacation? Or, if you’re looking to move, which country is a better fit for your lifestyle?
This guide will dive into the similarities and differences between Norway vs Scotland, including geography, culture, economy, and lifestyle, so you can decide which location is right for you.
Geography and Climate: A Tale of Two Landscapes
Both Norway and Scotland boast dramatic, beautiful landscapes, but their specific features and climates differ in interesting ways.
Landscape and Terrain
Norway is known for its stunning fjords, towering mountains, and vast glaciers. A large percentage of the country is mountainous, and its deep fjords were carved by glaciers over millennia.
Scotland, too, is mountainous, most notably in the Scottish Highlands. It also has many lochs (lakes) and islands. While its terrain is rugged, it’s generally considered less extreme than Norway’s.
Both countries have significant coastlines with numerous islands dotting their shores.
Climate
Norway’s climate is varied due to its latitude and the influence of the Gulf Stream. The Gulf Stream helps to create milder winters than you might expect for a country so far north. There are significant regional variations in temperature and precipitation across Norway.
Scotland has a temperate oceanic climate, with mild winters and cool summers. It experiences high rainfall, especially in the west. Although it’s at a similar latitude to Norway, Scotland generally enjoys milder temperatures due to the warming influence of the Atlantic Ocean.
Culture and Heritage: Echoes of the Past, Vibrations of the Present
Both Norway and Scotland are steeped in history and boast vibrant cultures, but their unique paths have shaped them into distinct destinations.
Historical Influences
Norway’s story is woven with Viking history, the traditions of the Sami people, and its time as an independent kingdom. You’ll see the Viking influence in place names and at historical sites. In the northern parts of Norway, you can still experience the culture of the indigenous Sami people.
Scotland’s past includes Celtic roots, the history of the Picts, the impact of the Roman Empire, and the clan system. The Celtic heritage is strong, and you can still hear the Gaelic language spoken in some areas. The clan system and the traditional Highland culture contribute to Scotland’s unique identity.
Language and Arts
In Norway, the official language is Norwegian, with two written forms: Bokmål and Nynorsk. Traditional music and a thriving modern art scene add to the cultural landscape. Folk music and dance are still very much alive in Norway.
Scotland’s languages include English and Gaelic. Traditional music, especially the sound of the bagpipes, is iconic. Scotland has produced world-renowned writers like Robert Burns and Sir Walter Scott, leaving a rich literary legacy.
Traditions and Customs
Norway celebrates Constitution Day on May 17th with great enthusiasm, and Christmas traditions are cherished. Scotland is known for the Highland Games, Burns Night, and the lively Hogmanay celebrations on New Year’s Eve.
Economy and Industry: From Oil to Tourism
Both Norway and Scotland have strong economies that, for decades, have relied on revenue from North Sea oil. However, they also have differences in their economic structures and key industries.
Key Industries
Norway’s key industries are oil and gas, fishing, shipping, and renewable energy. The country is a major exporter of oil and natural gas, but it’s also been making significant investments in renewable energy sources.
Scotland also relies on oil and gas, but its other strong industries are tourism, whisky production, and renewable energy. The country’s North Sea oil and gas industry continues to be a major player, and its tourism sector thrives thanks to its historical sites and natural beauty.
Economic Structure
Norway has a high GDP per capita and a strong welfare state, and its government pension fund is the largest in the world. This makes Norway one of the wealthiest countries on the planet, and its social welfare system is extensive.
Scotland, as part of the UK, has an economy that’s a mix of public and private sectors. While Scotland is dependent to a degree on the UK economy, it has increasing autonomy, and its renewable energy sector is growing.
Tourism
Norway’s tourism focuses on nature-based experiences such as its fjords, the Northern Lights, and various outdoor activities.
Scotland’s tourism emphasizes historical sites, castles, whisky distilleries, and the scenery of the Highlands.
How do lifestyles compare?
Both Norway and Scotland boast a high quality of life, but their social values and lifestyles differ in subtle ways.
In Norway, there’s a huge emphasis on outdoor activities. Skiing and hiking are extremely popular. Norwegians value egalitarianism and work-life balance. Social trust and equality are high.
Scotland also has a strong outdoor culture, with hiking and golf being popular pastimes. There’s a strong sense of community and cultural identity. Scottish culture is known for being welcoming and friendly. People are passionate about sports, especially football and rugby.
It’s worth comparing the cost of living, healthcare, and education systems in both countries to get a clearer picture of day-to-day life.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is Scotland further north than Norway?
Not entirely. While parts of Scotland sit at a similar latitude to southern Norway, Norway extends much further north. The northernmost point of Norway, North Cape, is significantly further north than any part of Scotland. So, while there’s some overlap, Norway definitely takes the prize for being further north overall.
What is the connection between Scotland and Norway?
The connection between Scotland and Norway runs deep, tracing back to the Viking Age. Vikings, primarily from Norway, raided and eventually settled in parts of Scotland, particularly the islands. This Norse influence is still visible today in place names, language, and cultural traditions.
Who won the war between Scotland and Norway?
The main conflict between Scotland and Norway was the Battle of Largs in 1263. While the battle itself was somewhat indecisive, it’s generally considered a strategic victory for Scotland. It weakened Norwegian control over the Hebrides and other Scottish islands, eventually leading to their cession to Scotland.
How long did Norway rule Scotland?
Norway never directly “ruled” all of Scotland. However, Norse influence and control were significant in certain areas, particularly the Northern and Western Isles (like Shetland and the Hebrides). This period of Norse dominance lasted for several centuries, beginning around the 9th century and gradually waning after the Battle of Largs in the 13th century.
The Bottom Line
Norway and Scotland share historical ties, a passion for the outdoors, and stunning natural landscapes. But the countries diverge in their economies, cultures, and lifestyles.
Scotland, with its vibrant cities and rich literary history, offers a blend of urban and rural experiences. Norway, on the other hand, is a land of fjords and mountains, with a strong emphasis on outdoor recreation and a high standard of living fueled by its natural resources.
Whether you’re drawn to the rugged beauty of the Scottish Highlands or the serene fjords of Norway, both nations offer an enduring appeal to travelers and dreamers alike.