Rabies is a frightening disease. It’s almost always fatal and can infect any mammal, including your cat and you. It attacks the central nervous system, and understanding it – and how to prevent it – is essential for responsible pet ownership.
That’s where the rabies vaccine comes in. Vaccinating your cat against rabies is vital for their health and for public health. In many places, rabies vaccination is legally required, and it’s often necessary for traveling with your cat.
This article will cover what rabies is, how it spreads, the symptoms to watch for, how the vaccine works, and what side effects your cat might experience after getting the rabies shot. Of course, always consult with your veterinarian for the best advice about your cat’s health.
Rabies: A deadly threat to cats
Rabies is a viral disease that affects the central nervous system of mammals. It’s nearly always fatal once symptoms show up, and it’s zoonotic, meaning it can spread from animals to humans.
Rabies is mainly transmitted through saliva, usually through bites and scratches from an infected animal. Any mammal can potentially carry rabies.
How rabies affects cats
After a cat is exposed to the rabies virus, there’s an incubation period of five days to several months, or even up to a year in some cases, before the animal shows signs of being infected.
Rabies has two main forms: furious and dumb.
- Furious rabies: Cats with this form of rabies may be aggressive and restless. They may drool and show signs of unusual itching.
- Dumb rabies: Cats with dumb rabies become lethargic and weak. They may develop paralysis and slip into a coma.
Note that cats with rabies don’t typically show hydrophobia, or fear of water.
Recognizing rabies symptoms in cats
If your cat has rabies, they may show a sudden change in behavior, such as unexplained aggression or fear. Other symptoms include:
- Disorientation
- Lack of coordination
- Seizures
- Paralysis
- Fever
- Weakness
- Excessive drooling
It can be hard to diagnose rabies. Vets can only confirm it by testing the brain tissue after death. The symptoms can point to rabies, but they aren’t definitive. If you think your cat has rabies, see a vet right away. You’ll also need to let your local public health department know about the potential exposure.
Why rabies vaccination is so important
Rabies vaccination is the most effective way to protect your kitty from rabies. Not only that, but vaccination protects you and your community, too.
Once symptoms of rabies develop, there’s no treatment that can help, so prevention through vaccination is essential.
Types of rabies vaccines
There are two main types of rabies vaccines: killed virus and recombinant. The killed virus vaccine uses an inactivated form of the rabies virus to trigger an immune response in your cat. Recombinant vaccines use a modified, harmless virus to deliver rabies proteins to your cat’s body, which then stimulates an immune response.
Vaccination schedule and legal requirements
The usual vaccination schedule is an initial shot at about 12 weeks old, and then a booster a year later. After that, your cat will likely need a booster every 1 to 3 years, depending on the type of vaccine and whatever local regulations are in place where you live. In many areas, rabies vaccination is a legal requirement for cats.
If you plan to travel with your cat, microchipping is also important, in addition to vaccination.
What are the side effects of the rabies vaccine?
Rabies vaccines are considered safe, but like any medication, they can cause side effects. Severe reactions are uncommon, so try not to worry.
Here are some common, mild side effects to look out for:
- Soreness or swelling where the vet gave the shot
- Slight fever or loss of appetite
- Temporary tiredness or low energy
In rare cases (less than 1 in 10,000), cats have a serious allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Signs of anaphylaxis include trouble breathing, facial swelling, and hives.
Call your vet right away if you notice any concerning side effects after your cat gets vaccinated.
Rabies vaccination for international travel
If you’re planning to travel internationally with your cat, a rabies vaccine is essential. Many countries require proof of vaccination before your cat can enter.
Keep in mind that specific travel requirements vary depending on your destination. Some countries want to see blood test results (called rabies titers) to be sure the vaccine is working.
Talk to your veterinarian well before your trip to make sure you’re meeting all the rules. Some requirements have timelines, so it’s best to start the process as early as possible.
In Summary
Rabies is a fatal disease, and there’s no effective treatment. That’s why vaccinating your cat against rabies is so important for your cat’s health and for public health.
Your veterinarian can help you develop a vaccination plan that’s right for your cat. Together, you can decide which vaccines to use, how often to vaccinate, and whether travel requirements will affect the vaccination schedule.
Choosing to vaccinate your cat against rabies is a responsible choice that protects your cat, your family, and your community.