The Saint Bernard and the Bernese Mountain Dog are two breeds with a shared Swiss heritage and similar looks, which often causes people to mix them up. They’re both big, beautiful dogs with gentle personalities, but there are some key differences.
The goal of this article is to help you tell these two breeds apart. We’ll explore their physical characteristics, temperament, health concerns, and care requirements.
If you’re thinking about getting a Saint Bernard or a Bernese Mountain Dog, it’s important to understand these differences so you can choose the right dog for your lifestyle.
Historical background and purpose
Both the St. Bernard and the Bernese Mountain Dog hail from the Swiss Alps, but they were bred for different work.
St. Bernard history
St. Bernards originated at the Great St. Bernard Hospice in the Swiss Alps. They were bred to be rescue dogs, especially in snowy, mountainous areas.
These dogs are known for their size, strength, and ability to navigate treacherous terrain. St. Bernards have webbed feet and love being in the water.
Bernese Mountain Dog history
Bernese Mountain Dogs also come from the Swiss Alps. They were bred to work on farms, pulling carts and driving livestock.
The “Berner,” as it’s sometimes called, is a medium-large breed.
PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: A DETAILED COMPARISON
While both breeds are impressive, there are some key differences in their physical appearance.
Size and Build
The Saint Bernard is significantly larger and heavier than the Bernese Mountain Dog. Saint Bernards typically weigh between 120 and 180 pounds and stand 25 to 30 inches tall. (Female Saint Bernards are usually between 80-100 pounds and males are typically 110-160.)
Bernese Mountain Dogs are considered medium-large and are more agile. They generally weigh between 70 and 115 pounds and stand 23 to 28 inches tall. (Females tend to weigh 80-105 pounds and males usually weigh 90-110.)
Coat and Color
Saint Bernards usually have a red and white or brindle and white coat, and their hair can be either short or long.
Bernese Mountain Dogs have a distinctive tri-color coat that’s black, white, and rust. Their coat is always long and thick.
Head and Facial Features
Saint Bernards are known for their large heads and droopy jowls, which means they’re more prone to drooling.
Bernese Mountain Dogs have a more refined head shape and less prominent jowls.
Temperament and Personality
While both breeds are known for their good nature, there are subtle differences in their personalities.
Saint Bernard Temperament
Saint Bernards are generally known as gentle giants. They’re calmer, more patient, and famously good with kids. They tend to have lower energy levels and prefer to relax rather than engage in intense activity.
Bernese Mountain Dog Temperament
Bernese Mountain Dogs are more energetic, playful, and outgoing than Saint Bernards. They’re also good with children, but they need more mental stimulation and exercise to stay happy. Bernese Mountain Dogs can be prone to separation anxiety if they’re left alone for long periods.
Training and Socialization
Early training and socialization are essential for both breeds. Socialization and training can help curb any potential aggression issues and ensure that your dog grows into a well-adjusted adult.
EXERCISE AND TRAINING NEEDS
Both breeds need exercise, but their tolerance for it differs.
Saint Bernard Exercise
St. Bernards don’t need a ton of exercise, but they do need some. Because they’re prone to overheating, you’ll want to limit outdoor activities when the weather is hot. They’re much happier in cooler temperatures.
Bernese Mountain Dog Exercise
Bernese Mountain Dogs need more outdoor activity and mental stimulation than St. Bernards. They enjoy hiking, playing fetch, and other high-energy activities. Consistent training is important to help them manage their energy levels.
Health concerns and lifespan
As giant breeds, both the St. Bernard and the Bernese Mountain Dog come with their share of potential health problems. It’s something to keep in mind as you consider bringing one of these beauties into your life.
St. Bernard health issues
St. Bernards are prone to bloat, hip and elbow dysplasia, and various heart problems. Feeding them smaller portions more frequently can help reduce the risk of bloat.
The typical lifespan of a St. Bernard is 8 to 10 years.
Bernese Mountain Dog health issues
Bernese Mountain Dogs are at higher risk for hip and elbow dysplasia, cancer (including histiocytosis), and bloat. Sadly, about half of all Berners die from cancer.
The average lifespan of a Bernese Mountain Dog is 7 to 10 years, but because of an increasing number of medical issues, their lifespan may be getting shorter.
General health and care
No matter which breed you choose, regular vet checkups are a must. It’s also important to learn the signs of bloat and know what to do in case it happens. Bloat is a life-threatening emergency, so quick action is critical.
Frequently Asked Questions
What two dogs make a Saint Bernard?
The exact origins of the Saint Bernard are somewhat debated, but it’s widely believed that they descended from crosses between Asian mastiff-type dogs brought to Switzerland by the Romans and local Swiss breeds. Some contributing breeds are thought to include the Great Dane, English Mastiff, and possibly the Great Pyrenees.
What’s the difference between a Saint Bernard and a Bernese Mountain Dog?
While both are large, mountain-bred dogs, they have distinct differences. Saint Bernards are significantly larger and heavier, known for their droopy faces and history as rescue dogs. Bernese Mountain Dogs are smaller, tri-colored, and were originally farm dogs. They also have different temperaments; Bernese Mountain Dogs are known to have a slightly higher energy level.
What is the best mountain dog?
There’s no single “best” mountain dog, as the ideal breed depends on your lifestyle and needs. Saint Bernards excel in cold weather and are gentle giants, while Bernese Mountain Dogs are more versatile and energetic. Great Pyrenees are excellent livestock guardians. Consider your climate, activity level, and desired dog traits when choosing a mountain dog. It’s important to consider how much space you have, the temperature and the type of activities you plan to do with your dog.
Closing Thoughts
Saint Bernards and Bernese Mountain Dogs are both wonderful breeds, but they’re not quite the same. A Saint is likely to be lower energy, making them a great fit if you’re looking for a calm, steady companion. Bernese Mountain Dogs tend to be more active, so they might be a better choice if you want a dog to join you on hikes and other outdoor adventures.
Before you decide which breed is right for you, think about your lifestyle, living situation, and how you feel about dog hair and drool. And be sure to do your homework and talk with breeders or rescue organizations before you bring your new best friend home.