Peru is a land of ancient civilizations and dramatic landscapes, boasting attractions for every kind of traveler. It’s a country twice the size of Texas and four times the size of Italy.
From the iconic Machu Picchu to the vibrant Amazon rainforest, Peru is a treasure trove of historical, cultural, and natural wonders. If you’re planning a trip, you’ll want to make a list of the must-see Peru famous sites.
This guide explores some of Peru’s most famous sites, sharing insights into their history, cultural significance, and what makes them unmissable destinations. We’ll cover both well-known landmarks and some lesser-explored gems, providing a comprehensive overview for first-time visitors and seasoned travelers alike.
Get ready to embark on a virtual journey through Peru, uncovering the magic and allure of this South American gem. Whether you’re interested in hiking ancient trails, exploring colonial cities, or immersing yourself in indigenous cultures, Peru has something to offer everyone.
Machu Picchu: The Lost City of the Incas
High in the Andes Mountains, some 300 meters above the Urubamba River, you’ll find the ancient Incan citadel of Machu Picchu. This architectural marvel stands as a reminder of the ingenuity and skill of the Inca civilization.
Discovery and Significance
Machu Picchu wasn’t widely known to the outside world until its rediscovery in 1911. Today, it’s a UNESCO World Heritage site, drawing visitors from around the globe.
While we don’t know exactly why Machu Picchu was built, historians believe it may have been a royal estate or an important religious center.
Experiencing Machu Picchu
Most people visit Machu Picchu on a day trip, arriving by train from the town of Aguas Calientes.
If you’re feeling more adventurous, consider hiking the Inca Trail. This popular four-day trek is challenging but incredibly rewarding, offering stunning views and a deep connection to the landscape. Be sure to book your Inca Trail reservations well in advance, especially if you’re traveling during the high season (June-August).
For the best panoramic views of the ruins, hike up to Huayna Picchu or Machu Picchu Mountain.
Practical Tips for Visiting
To get the most out of your visit, hire a knowledgeable guide who can share insights into the history and significance of the site.
When exploring Machu Picchu, be sure to stick to the designated tour route to help preserve the site for future generations.
Finally, purchase your Machu Picchu tickets only from the official website to avoid scams and ensure a legitimate entry.
Cusco: The Historical Capital of the Inca Empire
Cusco, a UNESCO World Heritage site, was once the beating heart of the Inca Empire, and it remains a vibrant, must-see city today. History buffs will be fascinated by the layers of Inca ruins integrated into the city’s colonial architecture.
When you visit Cusco, be sure to spend some time in the Plaza de Armas, the city’s central square. You’ll be surrounded by stunning colonial buildings that reflect the city’s rich and varied past.
Another must-see is Qorikancha, also known as the Temple of the Sun, a testament to the Inca’s incredible building skills.
Don’t miss Sacsayhuaman, a remarkable Inca fortress perched high above Cusco at an altitude of 12,142 feet (3,701 meters). It offers not only a glimpse into Inca military prowess but also breathtaking panoramic views.
Finally, if you’re planning a trip to Machu Picchu or exploring the Sacred Valley, Cusco is the perfect gateway to these unforgettable destinations, making it an essential stop for any traveler to Peru.
The Sacred Valley: A Tapestry of Inca History and Andean Beauty
The Sacred Valley is a fertile valley between Cusco and Machu Picchu, dotted with picturesque villages and fascinating Inca ruins. If you’re headed to Peru, you’ll want to set aside a few days to explore this amazing area.
The Sacred Valley is known for its ruins, markets, and peaceful atmosphere. Here are some of the key sites to check out:
- Pisac. Pisac is known for its vibrant market and impressive Inca ruins.
- Ollantaytambo. Ollantaytambo is a well-preserved Inca town with a massive fortress.
- Moray. Located about 30 miles from Cusco, Moray is an archeological site with unique circular terraces that descend almost 100 feet into the ground. Because the temperature difference between the top and bottom terraces can be as much as 9°F, many believe the terraces were used by the Incas for agricultural experimentation.
- Maras. The salt pans of Maras are an ancient salt-extraction site that has been in use since the time of the Incas.
Be sure to allow plenty of time to explore the Sacred Valley’s diverse offerings. Immersing yourself in its rich history and culture will be an experience you won’t soon forget.
Lake Titicaca: The Highest Navigable Lake in the World
Cradled high in the Andes at 12,533 feet (3,820 meters) above sea level, Lake Titicaca is the planet’s highest lake that can be traveled by commercial vessels. The lake sits on the border between Peru and Bolivia.
A visit to Lake Titicaca isn’t just about viewing a gorgeous lake at an altitude that’s more than two miles above sea level, it’s also a chance to meet and learn from the indigenous communities of Peru.
The Uros Floating Islands
You can visit the famous Uros Floating Islands, which were constructed completely from reeds by the resourceful Uros people. A visit to these islands will give you a glimpse into their unique way of life and their traditions.
Taquile and Amantani Islands
Another must-see is Taquile Island, known for its traditional textiles and breathtaking views of the lake.
You can also visit Amantani Island, where you can experience a homestay and connect with the local community.
Arequipa: The White City and Gateway to Colca Canyon
Arequipa, also known as the “white city,” is a UNESCO World Heritage site in southern Peru. Its historical city center, filled with colonial architecture built from white volcanic sillar stone, is truly stunning.
Think of Arequipa as a bright spot nestled in the Peruvian landscape. It’s a place where history and culture meet, offering a unique and visually appealing experience.
Key Attractions
Two must-see spots in Arequipa are:
- The Santa Catalina Monastery. This vibrant and colorful convent is like stepping back in time.
- The Plaza de Armas. Surrounded by elegant buildings, the Plaza de Armas is the perfect place to soak in the city’s atmosphere.
Proximity to Colca Canyon
Arequipa serves as a gateway to the Colca Canyon, one of the deepest canyons in the world. This makes it a popular destination for adventure travelers looking to explore the natural beauty of Peru.
If you’re planning a trip to Peru, Arequipa is definitely worth a visit. Its unique architecture, rich history, and proximity to the Colca Canyon make it a memorable destination.
Colca Canyon: A Majestic Natural Wonder
If you love the outdoors, you won’t want to miss Colca Canyon, the second-deepest canyon in the world. It plunges to a depth of 3,400 meters, or 11,155 feet.
The canyon runs for 70 km (43 miles), with a depth of roughly 2,000 meters (6,600 feet). Each year, around 120,000 tourists visit this natural wonder.
Condor Spotting
One of the most popular activities at Colca Canyon is condor spotting. Head to the Cruz del Condor viewpoint for a chance to see majestic Andean condors soaring through the canyon.
Exploring the Canyon
You can hike through the canyon and discover traditional villages and mind-blowing landscapes. Keep in mind that Colca Canyon is a bit of a trek from the main tourist hubs, so plan on spending at least two days exploring the area.
Nazca Lines: Ancient Mysteries Etched in the Desert
Stretching across almost 400 square miles of the Nazca Desert are the Nazca Lines, enormous geoglyphs etched into the earth. The purpose of these drawings remains a mystery to this day.
It’s estimated that there are around 300 figures traced into the desert floor. Some of these figures are as much as 100 feet wide and 5.5 miles long!
Viewing the Lines
Because of their size, the best way to see the Nazca Lines is from the air. You can book a scenic flight that will give you a bird’s-eye view of these incredible creations. It’s a good idea to book your flight in advance to avoid any last-minute snags.
Theories and Interpretations
Over the years, many theories have been put forward to explain why the Nazca Lines were created. Some believe they were used as astronomical calendars, while others think they were ritualistic pathways. Maybe we’ll never know for sure!
Other Notable Peruvian Sites
While Machu Picchu is the crown jewel, Peru boasts a wealth of other incredible destinations. Here are a few more to consider:
Lima
Peru’s capital, Lima, is a vibrant mix of colonial history and modern culture. I don’t think it’s the best place to visit in Peru, but I definitely think it’s worth a stopover.
Make sure to explore the Historic Centre of Lima, a UNESCO World Heritage site. The architecture is just stunning.
Iquitos and the Amazon Rainforest
Iquitos is your jumping-off point for exploring the Amazon rainforest. It’s an incredible experience, with opportunities for wildlife viewing and jungle adventures galore.
If you’re planning an Amazon cruise, the best time to go is during the high-water season, which runs from November to May.
Huacachina
Huacachina is a total desert oasis, surrounded by massive sand dunes. It’s the perfect place for sandboarding and dune buggy rides. Seriously, it’s a blast!
Paracas National Reserve
The Paracas National Reserve is massive, covering over 335,000 hectares. Boat tours to the Ballestas Islands, which are part of the reserve, offer amazing opportunities to see all kinds of wildlife.
In Summary
Peru is unforgettable because of its captivating blend of history, culture, and natural beauty. From the awe-inspiring Machu Picchu to the enigmatic Nazca Lines, each location tells a unique story of Peru’s rich heritage. Exploring these famous sites is like stepping back in time.
Whether you’re an adventure seeker, a history buff, or a nature enthusiast, Peru offers something for everyone. There are endless possibilities for exploration and discovery, from hiking the Inca Trail to wandering through ancient ruins.
As you plan your trip to Peru, be sure to check out our 14-day Peru itinerary, 7-day itinerary, and Peru travel guide. These resources will help you make the most of your time in this remarkable country. Embrace the diversity and wonder of Peru, and get ready to create memories that will last a lifetime.
By exploring its famous sites and immersing yourself in its culture, you’ll gain a deeper understanding of Peru’s past and present. And you’ll leave with a newfound appreciation for the beauty and wonder of this incredible destination.