A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis uses X-rays to create detailed, cross-sectional images of your internal organs, bones, and soft tissues in the belly and pelvic areas. It’s more or less a super-powered X-ray that allows doctors to see what’s going on inside your body.
This type of scan is a diagnostic imaging test that can help diagnose a wide range of conditions, from appendicitis to kidney stones to cancer. If your doctor has ordered a CT scan of your abdomen and pelvis, you probably have questions.
This guide will walk you through everything you need to know, including what the scan is, how to prepare for it, what to expect during the procedure, and its limitations. By the end, you should have a much better understanding of why your doctor ordered the scan and what it can reveal.
What is a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis?
CT stands for computed tomography. A CT scan uses X-rays to create detailed, cross-sectional pictures of your body.
A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis focuses on these two regions of your body. The scan allows doctors to see your internal organs, including your liver, kidneys, intestines, pancreas, bladder, and reproductive organs. It helps them identify potential problems or abnormalities.
Sometimes, doctors use contrast material to improve the quality of the images. You may drink a special solution or receive an injection of contrast dye. The contrast helps highlight blood vessels and other structures, making them easier to see on the scan.
Why is a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis performed?
CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis are valuable diagnostic tools that can reveal a wide range of conditions. Here are some of the most common reasons your doctor might order a CT scan.
Common indications
- Abdominal and pelvic pain. If you’re having pain that can’t be explained, a CT scan may help your doctor pinpoint the source.
- Suspected infections. CT scans can help detect infections such as appendicitis, diverticulitis, or pyelonephritis (a type of kidney infection).
- Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). For conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, a CT scan can help assess how severe the condition is and how much of the bowel is affected.
- Kidney stones. CT scans are excellent at detecting kidney stones and showing their location.
- Cancer detection and staging. A CT scan can identify tumors and help determine how far cancer has spread in the abdominal and pelvic organs.
- Trauma. After an accident, a CT scan can evaluate injuries to internal organs.
Other conditions
CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis can also be used to assess:
- Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)
- Abscesses
- Pancreatitis
How to prepare for a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis
If your healthcare provider has ordered a CT scan of your abdomen and pelvis, here’s what you can expect.
Consultation with your doctor
Before the scan, your doctor will want to discuss your medical history with you. Be sure to let them know about any medical conditions you have, any allergies you’re aware of, and what medications you’re taking.
- Pregnancy. It’s important to tell your doctor if you’re pregnant or think you might be. CT scans use radiation, which can be harmful to a developing fetus.
- Allergies. Be sure to tell your doctor about any allergies you have, particularly if you’re allergic to iodine or contrast materials.
- Kidney disease. If you have kidney disease, you may need to take special steps before the scan because of the contrast dye that’s often used.
Pre-scan instructions
Here are a few things you may have to do to prepare for your CT scan:
- Fasting. You may need to avoid eating or drinking for a few hours before the scan, particularly if you’re going to be given contrast dye. Usually, that means fasting for about four hours.
- Clothing. Wear clothes that are comfortable and loose fitting. When you arrive for your scan, you may be asked to change into a hospital gown.
- Metal objects. Metal can interfere with the images produced by the CT scanner, so you’ll need to remove any jewelry, piercings, belts, and watches before the scan.
Contrast material
Contrast dye can help your doctor see your digestive tract, blood vessels, and organs more clearly on the scan. You may receive the contrast dye in one or both of these ways:
- Oral contrast. In some cases, you’ll need to drink a liquid containing contrast dye to help visualize your digestive tract.
- Intravenous (IV) contrast. IV contrast is injected into a vein to highlight blood vessels and organs.
What to expect during the CT scan
If your doctor has ordered a CT scan of your abdomen and pelvis, here’s a quick rundown of what to expect.
Before the scan
- Check in. When you arrive at the hospital or imaging center, head to the radiology department to check in.
- Explanation. The technologist will explain how the procedure works and answer any questions you may have.
- Positioning. You’ll lie on a padded table that can slide in and out of the CT scanner.
During the scan
- Scanning. The table will slowly move through the scanner while an X-ray tube rotates around you.
- Staying still. The most important thing you can do is remain as still as possible. Any movement can blur the images and make them harder to read.
- Breathing. The technologist might ask you to hold your breath for brief periods of time.
- Contrast. If the scan involves contrast dye, you may feel a warm sensation or notice a metallic taste in your mouth as the IV contrast is injected. This is normal and should pass quickly.
Scan duration
The actual scanning time is usually around 15 to 30 minutes.
Potential discomfort
The biggest source of discomfort for most people is simply remaining still for an extended period. Some people find the contrast injection to be a little uncomfortable, as well.
Risks and limitations of CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis
While CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis are helpful diagnostic tools, it’s important to be aware of the potential risks and limitations.
Radiation Exposure
CT scans do use radiation, but the dose is considered low and safe. However, it’s worth knowing that repeated exposure to radiation can increase your risk of cancer over time.
In most cases, the benefit of getting an accurate diagnosis outweighs the risk of radiation exposure.
Allergic Reaction to Contrast
An allergic reaction to the contrast dye is rare, but it can happen. Symptoms can range from mild itching and hives to severe anaphylaxis.
The radiology staff are trained and equipped to handle allergic reactions if they occur.
Kidney Problems
The contrast material can sometimes cause kidney problems, especially if you already have kidney disease. Adequate hydration before and after the scan can help protect your kidneys.
Pregnancy
CT scans are generally not recommended during pregnancy because of the risk of radiation exposure to the fetus. If you’re pregnant, your doctor may consider alternative imaging methods, such as ultrasound or MRI.
What happens after the CT scan?
A radiologist will study the images from your CT scan. They’ll send a report to the doctor who ordered the scan. That doctor will then discuss the results with you, explaining anything that was discovered and recommending a course of action.
Depending on the findings, your doctor may suggest:
- Further testing
- Treatment or medication
- Lifestyle changes
- A follow-up appointment to monitor your condition
In Conclusion
A CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis is a powerful tool that helps doctors diagnose many different conditions. If your doctor recommends one, remember that proper preparation and open communication are key to a successful scan.
Like all medical procedures, CT scans have some risks. In this case, the risk is radiation exposure. However, the benefits of getting an accurate diagnosis often outweigh the risks.
If you have any concerns about your upcoming CT scan, talk with your doctor.