Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, or ABS, is a type of thermoplastic polymer that’s frequently used in plumbing applications. Its specific properties make it a popular choice for pipes.
You’ll often find ABS pipe used in drain, waste, and vent (DWV) systems in both residential and commercial buildings.
This article will provide a comprehensive overview of what is ABS pipe, including its properties, common applications, advantages, disadvantages, and how it stacks up against PVC.
What is ABS?
ABS stands for acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, a thermoplastic polymer used to make pipes. ABS is a blend of three monomers, each of which gives the final product certain properties. Acrylonitrile lends chemical resistance, butadiene gives impact resistance, and styrene adds rigidity and makes the ABS easier to process.
ABS pipe is usually black. It’s known for being stiff and resistant to impacts, which makes it useful for certain applications.
What are the advantages of ABS pipes?
ABS pipes are popular for a few key reasons:
- They can take a beating. ABS is tougher than PVC and less likely to crack or break when something hits it. This makes it a good choice for places where pipes might get bumped or stressed.
- Installation is quick. Putting ABS pipes together is relatively fast and easy. You only need one step to cement the connections.
- They handle temperature extremes. ABS does better than PVC when it gets really hot or really cold. So, it’s a good option if you live in a place with harsh winters.
- They’re affordable. ABS is a cost-effective choice for many different projects. You’ll see it used in homes and businesses all over.
What are the drawbacks of ABS pipe?
While ABS is a good choice in some situations, it does have some disadvantages compared to other types of pipe.
- BPA: ABS contains Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical that can leach into the water supply. Some people have health concerns about BPA exposure.
- Flexibility: ABS is more rigid than PVC, meaning it can be harder to work with in situations where you need to make bends and turns.
- Noise: Water traveling through ABS pipe makes more noise than PVC pipe. PVC dampens sound better.
- Chemical Resistance: ABS pipe is resistant to many chemicals, but not as many as PVC. PVC is more durable when exposed to chemicals or abrasion.
What is ABS piping used for?
ABS pipe is a popular choice for several applications, particularly in:
- Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) Systems: ABS is a common choice for residential and commercial DWV systems.
- Underground Installations: Because it stands up well to impacts and temperature changes, ABS is often used underground.
- Cold Climates: ABS performs well in cold environments where other materials might become fragile.
In general, ABS pipes are ideal for outdoor, underground, cold environments, and indirect sunlight. You’ll find them used in many different ways.
ABS vs. PVC: A Detailed Comparison
ABS and PVC pipes are both popular choices for plumbing, but they have some key differences. Here’s a breakdown:
Material Composition and Properties
ABS stands for Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, while PVC stands for Polyvinyl Chloride. These different chemical makeups lead to variations in their physical properties. ABS is generally more flexible and impact-resistant than PVC, making it a bit more durable in some situations.
Installation
The installation process also differs. ABS typically requires a single cementing step, making it a faster and easier process. PVC, on the other hand, usually requires both priming and cementing, adding an extra step to the installation.
Environmental and Safety Concerns
One concern that sometimes arises is the presence of BPA in ABS, a chemical that’s absent in PVC. While the risks associated with BPA in pipes are debated, some people prefer to avoid it altogether. There may also be other environmental factors to consider based on your specific location and disposal methods.
Cost
The cost of ABS and PVC can vary depending on the size and type of pipe. It’s important to consider not only the initial cost but also the long-term costs, including maintenance and potential replacement, when making your decision.
Can you connect ABS to PVC?
No, you should never directly glue ABS and PVC pipes together. The solvents won’t bond correctly, and the joint will likely fail.
If you need to connect ABS to PVC, use a mechanical coupling or transition fitting. One option is a rubber sleeve with a clamp and metal jacket. These create a secure, leak-proof connection between the different materials.
In Summary
ABS pipe is lightweight, rigid, and cost-effective, but it may not be right for every application. Before you choose a piping material, think about your project’s specific needs and check with your local building codes. If ABS is a good fit, it can be a budget-friendly, long-lasting option.