Those tiny red, purple, or blue lines that sometimes appear on your face are likely broken capillaries (also called telangiectasias). These are dilated blood vessels that become visible on the surface of the skin.
You’ll often find them on the cheeks, nose, and chin. While they’re usually harmless, many people find them unsightly.
This article will dive into the causes of broken capillaries on the face, what you can do to treat them, and how to prevent them from showing up in the first place.
Understanding broken capillaries
What are broken capillaries?
Broken capillaries are also known as telangiectasias. These are small blood vessels that have become dilated and weakened near the surface of your skin. Capillaries are the tiniest blood vessels in your body, and when they dilate or break, you can see them through your skin.
They’re similar to spider veins and varicose veins, only much smaller. Varicose veins are larger and deeper, and they often bulge out on your legs.
Broken capillaries vs. vascular lesions
Vascular lesions are a broader category of skin conditions. They can appear as flat patches or raised bumps, and they can be red, pink, purple, or blue, depending on what type of blood vessels are affected and how deep they are in your skin.
Vascular lesions, such as hemangiomas and port-wine stains, are different from broken capillaries and have their own set of causes and characteristics.
What causes broken capillaries on the face?
A number of things can cause those tiny red or purple lines you see on your face. Here are some of the most common:
Genetic Predisposition
Sometimes, it’s just in your genes. Some people are born with more fragile blood vessels. If your parents or grandparents had broken capillaries, you might be more likely to develop them, too. The same goes for spider veins and varicose veins on your legs.
Environmental Factors
The environment plays a role in blood vessel health. Excessive sun exposure can weaken blood vessel walls, and it can also cause the blood vessels to move closer to the surface of the skin. Extreme weather changes can also make capillaries more prone to breaking.
Skin Conditions and Trauma
Skin conditions like rosacea can cause redness, inflammation, and visible veins. Managing rosacea symptoms can reduce the appearance of broken capillaries. You should also avoid harsh at-home skin treatments or picking at blemishes, as these can cause trauma to the skin and lead to broken capillaries. Injuries to the skin can also break blood vessels.
Lifestyle Factors
Smoking causes inflammation in veins, and drinking alcohol causes blood vessels to dilate. Excessive smoking or drinking can contribute to broken capillaries.
Aging
As we age, our skin becomes thinner and weaker, and we lose collagen. The loss of collagen can make veins more visible on the surface of the skin.
Treatment Options for Broken Capillaries
If you’re bothered by the appearance of broken capillaries, there are a few treatment options that can help.
Laser Therapy
Laser therapy is a common and effective way to treat broken capillaries. During laser treatment, a laser is focused on the imperfections on your face. The light safely penetrates the skin without harming the surface, making this a noninvasive treatment.
After laser treatment, you may notice a temporary discoloration of the affected skin that can last from five to 14 days.
Other Treatment Options
Other treatments for broken capillaries include:
- Intense Pulsed Light (IPL) Therapy. IPL is another possible treatment for broken capillaries.
- Topical creams. Creams with vitamin K or retinol may help reduce the appearance of broken capillaries.
- Sclerotherapy. Sclerotherapy is usually used for larger veins like spider veins and varicose veins.
Importance of Dermatological Consultation
For a treatment plan that’s tailored to your skin and your condition, it’s always a good idea to get professional advice. A board-certified dermatologist can examine your skin and help you decide which treatment is most likely to be effective.
Can you prevent broken capillaries?
Yes, you can lower your risk of developing broken capillaries with some simple strategies:
- Sun protection. Wear a broad-spectrum sunscreen every day, even if you’re staying indoors. If you’ve had laser treatment, sunscreen is a must.
- Lifestyle changes. Smoking and drinking too much alcohol can both contribute to broken capillaries.
- Gentle skincare. Avoid harsh treatments at home, and don’t pick at your skin. Wash your face with lukewarm water, and establish a consistent skincare routine.
- Rosacea management. If you have rosacea, work with your doctor to manage your symptoms.
Frequently Asked Questions
What autoimmune causes broken capillaries?
Several autoimmune diseases can contribute to broken capillaries, though they’re not always the primary symptom. Conditions like lupus, scleroderma, and dermatomyositis can weaken blood vessel walls, making them more prone to breakage. If you suspect an autoimmune issue, it’s important to consult with a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Which cream is best for spider veins on the face?
There’s no single “best” cream, but look for products containing ingredients like retinol, vitamin C, or horse chestnut extract. These ingredients can help strengthen blood vessels and improve skin elasticity. Keep in mind that creams often provide only a temporary reduction in redness, and more invasive treatments may be needed for significant improvement.
What is the best vitamin for broken capillaries?
Vitamin C is often touted as beneficial for broken capillaries due to its role in collagen production and blood vessel strength. Vitamin K can also be helpful for blood clotting and reducing redness. However, it’s best to get these vitamins through a balanced diet or supplements after consulting with a healthcare professional.
Why have I suddenly got broken veins on my face?
Sudden appearance of broken capillaries can be due to various factors, including sun exposure, trauma, harsh skincare products, or underlying medical conditions. Changes in weather, like extreme heat or cold, can also play a role. It’s important to protect your skin from the sun and avoid harsh treatments that could damage delicate blood vessels.
Which serum is best for broken capillaries?
Serums with ingredients like vitamin C, peptides, and antioxidants can help strengthen blood vessels and reduce the appearance of broken capillaries. Look for serums specifically formulated for sensitive skin, as harsh ingredients can worsen the problem. Consider patch-testing any new serum before applying it to your entire face.
The Bottom Line
Broken capillaries on the face are a common cosmetic issue with a variety of causes and effective treatments. Although they’re rarely a health concern, those little red or purple lines can be frustrating.
Simple steps like daily sun protection and gentle skin care can help prevent broken capillaries. If you’re concerned about visible veins on your face, talk to a dermatologist. They can give you personalized advice and treatment options to help you achieve clearer, healthier-looking skin.