Dog skin infections
If you’re a dog owner, you’ve probably heard of pyoderma, a common bacterial skin infection that can show up in a variety of ways. The sooner you spot it and start treatment, the better for your dog’s health.
This article covers everything you need to know about pyoderma in dogs, including the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. We’ll also address some common concerns and questions related to this condition, so you can be prepared to care for your canine companion.
One of the best ways to identify pyoderma is by looking at pictures, and this article includes photos to illustrate the different types and stages of the infection. With these pyoderma in dogs photos, you can be ready to spot the signs and get your dog the care they need.
What is pyoderma? Defining the bacterial skin infection
Pyoderma literally means “pus in the skin,” and it’s almost always a bacterial infection. In puppies, the condition is often referred to as impetigo.
The most common bacterium at fault is Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, which is normally found on a dog’s skin. But if the skin barrier is compromised, the bacteria can overgrow and cause an infection.
Classifying pyoderma by depth
Pyoderma is often classified by how deep it goes into the skin:
- Surface pyoderma affects only the surface of the skin and is the mildest type of infection.
- Superficial pyoderma involves the epidermis and hair follicles and is the most common type of pyoderma. Superficial bacterial folliculitis is an example of this type.
- Deep pyoderma extends into the dermis and subcutaneous tissues and is the most severe form. It can sometimes lead to systemic health problems.
Identifying Pyoderma: Symptoms and Visual Clues
Pyoderma can manifest in different ways, so knowing what to look for is essential for early detection. Here’s a breakdown of common symptoms and how they might vary depending on the type of pyoderma.
Common Pyoderma Symptoms
- Redness and inflammation (erythema): Patches of red, irritated skin are often the first sign.
- Papules and pustules: Look for small, raised bumps (papules) and pus-filled bumps (pustules) that resemble pimples.
- Crusts and scales: As the pustules rupture and dry, they often form crusts and scales that may appear flaky or scabby.
- Hair loss (alopecia): Hair may fall out around the pustules or in circular patterns.
- Itching (pruritus): Affected dogs will often scratch, lick, or chew at the irritated areas.
Variations in Symptoms Based on Pyoderma Type
The symptoms can vary based on the depth of the infection:
- Surface pyoderma: This type may present with minimal visible signs, sometimes appearing only as a moist, red area.
- Superficial pyoderma: Look for “epidermal collarettes,” which are circular areas of hair loss surrounded by a rim of scale.
- Deep pyoderma: This more severe form can cause abscesses, draining tracts, and painful swelling.
What Causes Pyoderma in Dogs? Understanding the Underlying Factors
Pyoderma usually shows up when a dog’s skin isn’t doing its job of protecting against the outside world. When the skin barrier is strong and healthy, it can stop bacteria from barging in and causing problems.
So, what weakens the skin barrier in the first place?
- Allergies: Flea allergies, food sensitivities, and environmental allergens can all disrupt the skin.
- Parasites: Fleas and mites are common culprits.
- Skin trauma: Even minor scratches and scrapes can provide an entry point for bacteria.
Sometimes, pyoderma isn’t just about the skin itself. Systemic issues and environmental conditions can play a role, too.
Endocrine disorders like hypothyroidism and Cushing’s disease can make dogs more prone to skin infections. Immune suppression, whether caused by medications or underlying diseases, also weakens the body’s defenses.
Moisture and poor air circulation create the perfect breeding ground for bacteria. Skin folds, in particular, are notorious for trapping moisture and fostering bacterial growth, which is why you often see pyoderma in breeds with wrinkly skin.
Breeds and body parts most susceptible to pyoderma
Because of their body structure, some dog breeds are more prone to pyoderma than others. Here are some examples:
- English bulldogs, Shar-Pei, and other breeds with skin folds
- German shepherds (deep pyoderma)
The most common locations for pyoderma include skin folds such as:
- Lip folds (spaniels)
- Facial folds (Pekingese, pugs, boxers, and bulldogs)
- Interdigital spaces (between the toes)
- Groin area
- Armpits
Diagnosing Pyoderma: Identifying the Infection and its Cause
A veterinarian can diagnose pyoderma and identify what’s causing it. Here’s what the process might look like:
Veterinary Examination
First, the vet will examine your dog’s skin to evaluate the lesions. They’ll also ask about your dog’s medical history to see if they can spot any potential underlying causes.
Diagnostic Tests
Skin cytology is a key diagnostic tool. The veterinarian will look at a sample of your dog’s skin cells under a microscope to see if they can spot any bacteria.
They may also want to do a bacterial culture and sensitivity test. This can help them identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and determine which antibiotics will work best.
The vet may also suggest additional tests to look for underlying conditions, such as blood tests to check for endocrine disorders or allergy testing.
Treating Pyoderma: A Multi-faceted Approach
Treating pyoderma typically involves a combination of topical therapy, oral antibiotics, and addressing any underlying conditions that may be contributing to the infection.
Topical Therapy
Medicated shampoos are a cornerstone of pyoderma treatment. Shampoos containing chlorhexidine and benzoyl peroxide are commonly used to kill bacteria and cleanse the skin.
Topical ointments, creams, and sprays can also be applied directly to the affected areas to deliver antibiotics or anti-inflammatory medications. Products like Lavengel®, which inhibits Staphylococcus bacteria, may also be recommended.
Oral Antibiotics
For more severe cases of superficial and deep pyoderma, oral antibiotics are often necessary. Common antibiotics used in dogs include amoxicillin, cephalexin, and clindamycin.
Ideally, the choice of antibiotic should be based on culture and sensitivity testing. This helps to identify the specific bacteria causing the infection and ensures that the chosen antibiotic will be effective, while also helping to prevent antibiotic resistance.
Treatment with oral antibiotics typically lasts for 3-4 weeks, but may be longer for chronic or deep infections.
Addressing Underlying Causes
Identifying and treating any underlying conditions contributing to the pyoderma is crucial for preventing recurrence. This may involve allergy management through dietary changes or medications, or hormone therapy for endocrine disorders.
How can I prevent pyoderma?
The best way to prevent pyoderma in your dog is to be proactive about their skin health.
Here are some tips:
- Groom your dog regularly. Brushing helps remove loose fur and debris that can trap bacteria.
- Bathe your dog regularly. This is especially important if they have skin folds or allergies. Use a mild, moisturizing shampoo.
- Keep skin folds clean and dry. Medicated wipes can help with this.
- Control fleas and parasites. Follow your vet’s recommendations for preventative medications.
- Address allergies quickly. Work with your vet to determine what your dog is allergic to and how to manage it.
Pyoderma FAQs
- Is pyoderma contagious to humans or other pets?
- Usually not. But MRSP (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius) is a concern. Take proper hygiene precautions.
- What bacteria causes pyoderma?
- Staphylococcus pseudintermedius is usually the culprit.
- Is pyoderma deadly?
- Uncomplicated pyoderma isn’t deadly. But deep infections can cause serious complications.
- Can my dog have a bacterial and fungal infection at the same time?
- Yes, dogs can get multiple infections.
In Conclusion
Pyoderma is a very common skin problem in dogs, and it needs to be addressed quickly. The sooner you get a diagnosis and start treatment, the less likely your dog is to develop further complications.
Often, the best approach involves several types of treatment, including topical medications, antibiotics you give by mouth, and efforts to address the underlying cause of the pyoderma. Your vet can help you create a comprehensive treatment plan to deal with your dog’s skin infection.
Good skin care can also help to prevent pyoderma and keep your dog comfortable and healthy.