Dog surgeries are a part of pet healthcare that, while often stressful for pet parents, can be essential for improving a dog’s quality of life and even extending their lifespan. These procedures range from the routine, like spays and neuters, to emergency interventions that can save a dog’s life.
Making informed decisions is key when it comes to your dog’s health. Open communication with your veterinarian is essential, and understanding the types of dog surgeries available, how to prepare your pet, and what aftercare involves is crucial for a positive outcome.
This article provides a comprehensive overview of common dog surgeries, pre- and post-operative care, and important considerations for pet owners navigating this challenging experience.
Preparing for Your Dog’s Surgery
Dog surgeries fall into two broad categories: elective and urgent (or emergency). Elective surgeries are planned in advance. Although they’re not strictly urgent, they’re still important for your dog’s health and well-being. Urgent or emergency surgeries, on the other hand, are medically necessary and often lifesaving.
Whether your dog’s surgery is planned or unexpected, there are some things you can do to prepare. Your vet will want to review your dog’s medical history and current medications. They’ll also perform a physical exam and discuss the potential risks and benefits of the procedure.
Before the surgery, it’s a good idea to bathe your dog, as they may have restrictions on bathing afterward. You’ll also need to fast your dog the night before. When you bring your dog in, the vet will likely insert an IV catheter and administer pre-anesthetic medications to help them relax.
Common Elective Dog Surgeries
Elective surgeries are procedures you and your vet choose to perform to improve your dog’s health and well-being. Here are some of the most common.
Spay or Neuter Surgery
Spaying (for females) and neutering (for males) are common procedures that can improve your pet’s health and behavior. Vets usually perform these surgeries when puppies are between 4 and 6 months old.
Recovery is usually straightforward. Your dog will need plenty of rest and will likely have to wear a cone to prevent them from licking the incision. Your vet will probably want to see your dog for a check-up in about 10 to 14 days.
Dental Extractions
Good dental health is essential for your dog’s overall well-being. Dental disease can lead to serious complications, so sometimes, teeth need to be extracted.
After the extraction, your dog will need some extra TLC. It usually takes about 10 to 12 days for the incisions in the mouth to heal.
Skin Growth Removal
If your vet finds a mass on your dog’s skin, they may recommend surgical removal for diagnosis and treatment. The removed tissue will be sent to a lab for histopathology, a microscopic examination of the tissue, to determine exactly what it is.
Recovery from skin growth removal varies, but most pets handle these procedures well. You can usually expect the incision to heal in about 10 to 14 days.
Common Urgent and Emergency Dog Surgeries
Sometimes your dog needs surgery right away. Here are some of the most common emergency surgeries performed on dogs:
Orthopedic Surgeries (Bone Fractures and Cruciate Ligament Repair)
Orthopedic injuries, like broken bones and torn ligaments, can happen for a lot of reasons. Sometimes it’s an accident, sometimes it’s just wear and tear over time. Often, these injuries need surgery to heal properly.
Cruciate ligament tears (similar to ACL tears in humans) are super common in dogs. Vets use techniques like Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) or the Lateral Suture Technique to fix them. After orthopedic surgery, expect a slow and steady return to activity over 2 to 4 weeks.
Skin Lacerations, Abscesses, or Wounds
If your dog gets a deep cut, an abscess, or another serious wound, it’s important to get it taken care of quickly. These injuries often need surgical repair, along with steps to prevent infection. The vet will clean the wound, remove any damaged tissue (debridement), and then close it up. You may need to flush drains with saline for 5 to 7 days, and external stitches usually come out after about 2 weeks.
Open Abdominal Exploratory Surgeries for Intestinal Obstructions
Dogs are notorious for eating things they shouldn’t! If your dog swallows a foreign object, it can block their gastrointestinal tract. This is a serious emergency that often requires exploratory surgery. The vet will open the abdomen to find and remove the blockage. Your dog will likely need to stay in the hospital for several days afterward.
Bladder Stone Removal or Urethral Blockages
Bladder stones can form in your dog’s bladder and cause a lot of pain and problems. Sometimes, they can even block the urethra, making it impossible for your dog to pee. Surgery (called a cystotomy) is often needed to remove the stones. After surgery, your dog will probably need to stay in the hospital for a few days. Your vet will also likely recommend a special diet to help prevent future bladder stones.
How to care for your dog after surgery
After your dog has surgery, the post-operative period is critical for healing and preventing complications.
General Instructions
It’s important to follow all instructions carefully. You’ll likely need to restrict your dog’s activity for a while. Make sure you understand all the instructions your vet gives you.
Specific Care
Your vet will give you instructions for feeding and giving medication. Be sure to follow these to the letter.
You’ll also need to monitor the incision site for any signs of infection, like redness, swelling, or discharge. Keep the area clean and dry. Your vet will probably recommend that you use an Elizabethan collar (e-collar, or “cone”) to keep your dog from licking or chewing at the incision.
Monitoring and Follow-Up
Keep a close eye on your dog and watch for any signs of complications, such as loss of appetite, vomiting, or difficulty urinating or defecating. If you notice anything unusual, call your vet right away.
It’s also important to schedule and keep all follow-up appointments with your veterinarian. They’ll want to check on your dog’s progress and make sure everything is healing properly. Following your veterinarian’s instructions precisely is crucial for a smooth and speedy recovery.
Anesthesia, Risks, and Communication
Most surgeries require general anesthesia. Your vet will likely want to run pre-anesthetic bloodwork to check your dog’s organ function.
It’s important to understand that all surgeries come with risks. Your vet can explain the specific risks associated with your dog’s procedure.
Veterinary professionals are essential for your dog’s health and well-being, so be sure to communicate with them openly. They want you to ask questions and share any concerns you might have. Honest and transparent communication is key to making the best decisions for your furry friend.
In Summary
Surgery can dramatically improve your dog’s health and quality of life.
If your dog needs surgery, be proactive and communicate openly with your veterinary team. By prioritizing your dog’s health and following the vet’s advice, you can help ensure the best possible outcome.