If you’ve noticed your dog’s lower eyelids seem to sag or roll outwards, away from their eyeball, they might have a condition called ectropion. Droopy eyelids in dogs can look a little sad, but more importantly, they can cause discomfort and potentially lead to other health problems.
That’s why it’s so important for dog owners to recognize the signs of ectropion. Early detection and the right treatment can make a huge difference in your dog’s comfort and overall quality of life.
In this article, we’ll take a closer look at droopy eyelids in dogs, including what causes them, what symptoms to look for, how it’s diagnosed, and what treatment options are available.
What is ectropion in dogs?
Ectropion is when a dog’s eyelids, usually the lower ones, roll outward, away from the eyeball. Normally, eyelids protect the eye from getting scratched or damaged by debris. They also help keep the eye moist and spread tears around.
Ectropion is the opposite of entropion. With entropion, the eyelids roll inward, causing the hair around the eye to rub against the surface of the eye. Both ectropion and entropion can cause irritation and other problems that may require veterinary care.
What causes ectropion in dogs?
Ectropion can be genetic, or it can be acquired later in a dog’s life.
Breed predisposition
Ectropion is often breed-related and is especially common in larger breeds with loose facial skin. If your dog is a bloodhound, Saint Bernard, bulldog, or mastiff, they’re more likely to have ectropion than other breeds.
In some breeds, ectropion is so common that it’s almost considered a normal trait.
Acquired ectropion
Sometimes ectropion is caused by an injury, complications from a surgery, or long-term inflammation. Scarring and nerve damage can also lead to acquired ectropion.
What are the symptoms of ectropion in dogs?
Ectropion in dogs can present with a range of symptoms, stemming from the abnormal eversion of the eyelid. Here’s what you might observe:
Primary Symptoms
- Tear stains: Excessive tearing is common, leading to noticeable tear stains on the fur below the eyes.
- Conjunctivitis: The exposed conjunctiva becomes inflamed, resulting in redness and irritation.
- Discharge: You might see a discharge from the affected eye.
- Keratitis: Inflammation of the cornea (the clear front part of the eye) can occur.
- Watery eyes: The eyes may appear excessively watery due to improper drainage.
Behavioral Changes
Discomfort caused by ectropion can lead to behavioral changes, such as:
- Squinting or excessive blinking
- Pawing at the face
- Increased sensitivity to light
Secondary Complications
If left unaddressed, ectropion can lead to secondary complications. The prolonged exposure of the eye’s surface makes it vulnerable to infections and corneal ulceration due to dryness and irritation.
How is ectropion diagnosed?
In many cases, vets can diagnose ectropion just by looking at your dog’s eyelids. The droop is usually pretty obvious.
Your vet will examine the position of the eyelids and the tissues surrounding them to determine the severity of the condition. They’ll also want to rule out other possible causes of the droop, such as nerve damage.
To check for related problems, your vet might also perform a Schirmer tear test to measure tear production. They may also use a fluorescein stain to look for corneal ulcers, which are common in dogs with ectropion.
Treating Ectropion in Dogs
The treatment for ectropion depends on how severe the symptoms are.
Mild Cases
For mild cases, your veterinarian may prescribe a topical lubricating ointment or artificial tears to keep the eye moist and comfortable. They might also prescribe topical antibiotics to prevent or treat any secondary infections that develop.
Severe Cases
More severe cases of ectropion usually require surgery to correct the position of the eyelid. The most common surgical procedure involves removing a small wedge of tissue from the eyelid to tighten it and restore its normal position. It’s important to find a skilled veterinary surgeon to perform this procedure, as overcorrection can lead to other problems.
Post-operative Care
After surgery, your dog will likely need antibiotics and pain medication to prevent infection and manage discomfort. To prevent your dog from scratching at the surgical site, they’ll also need to wear an Elizabethan collar (e-collar or “cone of shame”) until the area is fully healed. You’ll also need to schedule regular follow-up appointments with your veterinarian to monitor the healing process and ensure that the ectropion has been successfully corrected.
What to expect
Ectropion in dogs is generally treatable, and the prognosis is usually good, though severe cases can result in corneal scarring. Some dogs will need ongoing treatment with topical medications to keep their eyes comfortable and healthy.
If your dog has ectropion, regular vet visits are vital. Your veterinarian can keep an eye on the condition and adjust your dog’s treatment plan as needed. With proper care, most dogs with ectropion can live happy, comfortable lives.
Final Thoughts
Ectropion, or droopy eyelids, is a common condition that can affect a dog’s comfort and well-being. While some breeds are more prone to ectropion, any dog can develop this condition, and if left untreated, it can lead to more serious health issues.
Early detection and veterinary care are essential for managing ectropion effectively. If you notice that your dog’s eyelids are drooping or turning outward, schedule a vet appointment right away.
Being vigilant about your dog’s eye health, observing their eyes regularly, and seeking prompt veterinary attention can significantly improve their quality of life.