More and more people want to know exactly where their food comes from. We’re seeing a huge surge in interest in organic and non-GMO options. But what do those labels really mean?
This article breaks down the differences between organic, non-GMO, and genetically modified (GMO) foods to help you make informed choices at the grocery store. We’ll explore the definitions of each term, how foods get certified, what the science says about the health implications of eating organic food vs genetically modified food, and the environmental impact of each type of agriculture.
Decoding the Labels: GMO, Non-GMO, and Organic Defined
Navigating the grocery store these days can feel like deciphering a secret code. GMO, Non-GMO, Organic…what does it all mean? Let’s break down these labels to understand what you’re really buying.
What is GMO?
GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism. GMO foods are genetically engineered, meaning their DNA has been altered. Often, this is done to make them bigger, more nutritious, or more resistant to disease.
In agriculture, GMOs are commonly used to make crops resistant to herbicides or pests, allowing farmers to use fewer pesticides or weed killers.
What is Non-GMO?
Non-GMO foods are simply foods that haven’t been genetically modified. It’s important to remember that a “Non-GMO” label doesn’t automatically mean the food is organic.
The Non-GMO Project Verified certification assures consumers that a product has been tested and found to contain less than 0.9% GMO contamination.
Understanding Organic Certification
Organic foods are grown and processed according to strict standards set by the USDA. To be certified organic, food must be grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers, cannot be genetically modified, and must be grown in a way that promotes ecological balance and biodiversity.
The USDA organic certification process is holistic, meaning it covers a wide range of production practices, from soil management to pest control.
Organic vs. Non-GMO: Certifications and Farming Methods
You’ll often see both “organic” and “non-GMO” labels in the grocery store, but what do those labels really mean? And how do the standards and practices of organic and non-GMO farming differ?
USDA Organic vs. Non-GMO Project Verified
The USDA Organic certification relies on farmers and producers following specific organic guidelines. With the Non-GMO Project Verified label, products are tested to ensure that major high-risk ingredients are free of GMOs.
If something is labeled “organic,” it can’t contain GMOs. The organic label guarantees it.
Organic vs. Conventional Farming
Organic farming uses methods like rotating crops and fertilizing with manure. Organic farmers don’t use synthetic fertilizers or pesticides.
Conventional farming, on the other hand, relies heavily on synthetic fertilizers and pesticides.
The Risk of GMO Contamination
It’s possible for both organic and non-GMO crops to become contaminated with GMOs. In fact, a 2014 survey revealed that about a third of organic producers had experienced some level of GMO contamination.
Health and environmental considerations
As consumers decide what to buy at the grocery store, health and environmental concerns often play a big role. Here’s what you should know about the potential health effects and environmental impacts of organic versus genetically modified foods.
Potential health benefits
Many people believe that organic and non-GMO foods are simply healthier. There’s some thought that these foods may reduce the risk of allergies or improve the immune system. Some also claim that GMO foods may be lower in minerals, antioxidants, and other important compounds your body needs.
It’s definitely true that you’ll reduce your exposure to pesticides when you choose organic foods.
Environmental impact
In general, organic farming is considered better for the environment. Organic farms tend to use more sustainable practices and fewer harmful chemicals.
Conventional farming, on the other hand, may contribute to soil degradation and water pollution because of the chemicals that are commonly used.
Consumer Choices and Considerations
When you’re trying to decide whether to buy organic, non-GMO, or conventional food, it’s important to be aware of several factors.
Cost Comparison: Organic vs. Conventional
Organic food generally costs more than conventional food. Non-GMO labeled products are often seen as a less expensive alternative to organic.
Navigating Food Labels
If you’re looking for organic foods, be sure to look for the “organic” label on the product.
Be aware that, in the U.S., the term “natural” doesn’t have a standard, regulated meaning when it comes to food labeling.
Also, keep in mind that GMO labeling has been delayed in the U.S., so it may be difficult to determine if a product contains GMOs even if you’re actively seeking to avoid them.
Making Informed Decisions
Ultimately, you’ll want to weigh the factors that are important to you and then make an informed buying decision. If your budget is tight, you may choose conventional foods over organic options. If you’re concerned about pesticides or GMOs, you may choose to prioritize organic or non-GMO products, even if they cost a bit more.
Closing Thoughts
As you can see, organic, non-GMO, and GMO foods are different. Organic foods are grown according to strict standards and certified by third-party organizations. Non-GMO foods are produced without genetic engineering, but they don’t necessarily meet organic standards. And GMO foods are genetically modified to offer certain benefits, such as pest resistance or higher yields.
Understanding food labels empowers you to make informed choices. When you’re deciding what to buy, take into account your health, your concern for the environment, and your budget.
Ultimately, the best choice is the one that aligns with your values and priorities. By staying informed and aware, you can confidently navigate the grocery store aisles and choose foods that nourish both your body and the planet.