The iris flower is beloved around the world for its beauty and range of colors. The iris has a lot of cultural and historical significance. And, in addition to being visually appealing, it’s rich with symbolism.
In this article, we’ll explore the meanings and symbolism associated with the iris flower. We’ll cover everything from color symbolism to cultural significance, plus different types of irises and how they’re used in art and floral arrangements.
Did you know that the iris is the state flower of Tennessee? Or that it was revered in Ancient Egypt? Keep reading to learn more about what the iris flower means and its many uses and interpretations.
A Rainbow of Meanings: Exploring Iris Flower Colors
Like roses, irises come in a range of colors, each with its own special meaning:
Purple Iris: Royalty, Respect, and Wisdom
For centuries, purple has been associated with royalty, nobility, and the upper classes. The fleur-de-lis, a stylized iris, has been used in French coats of arms for hundreds of years.
Today, purple irises symbolize respect, admiration, and wisdom. They’re a perfect choice for graduations, thank you gifts, or bouquets for mentors or anyone you admire.
White Iris: Purity, Faith, and Hope
White irises represent purity, innocence, faith, hope, and new beginnings. Because of their symbolism, they’re often used in weddings and religious ceremonies. A bouquet of white irises makes a thoughtful sympathy gift or a gesture of hope.
Yellow Iris: Happiness, Joy, and Passion
If you’re looking to express positive energy, friendship, happiness, joy, or warmth, yellow irises are an excellent choice. They’re perfect for cheerful occasions and celebrations, or as a get-well gift.
Blue Iris: Serenity, Hope, and Faith
Blue irises symbolize serenity, calmness, peace, faith, hope, and trust. Their calming symbolism makes them a good choice for arrangements intended to convey sympathy or support, or in bouquets for anniversaries or to express loyalty.
Iris Symbolism Across Cultures: A Global Perspective
The meaning of the iris flower varies quite a bit depending on the culture. Here are some of the ways different cultures have viewed the iris throughout history.
Ancient Greece: Iris the Messenger
In ancient Greece, Iris was the name of the goddess who carried messages between the gods and humans. Because of this role, the iris flower became associated with communication and messages. The Greeks even planted purple irises on graves, hoping to summon the goddess Iris to guide the souls of the dead to the afterlife.
Japan: Iris, Samurai, and Boys’ Day
In Japan, the iris flower is associated with courage, bravery, and protection. During the Tango no Sekku (Boys’ Day) festival, irises are used to ward off evil spirits and promote good health for boys. Samurai warriors even used iris leaves to create protective charms they’d carry into battle.
France: The Fleur-de-Lis
The fleur-de-lis, a stylized version of the iris flower, became a symbol of French royalty, representing power, sovereignty, and honor. You’ll see the fleur-de-lis emblazoned on French coats of arms and royal emblems.
Ancient Egypt: Eloquence and Heaven
The ancient Egyptians used irises as a textile dye and considered the flower a sacred symbol. They associated the iris with eloquence, communication, and the connection between earth and the heavens. Irises were used in royal ceremonies and presented as offerings to the gods.
Varieties of Iris: A Colorful Spectrum
Irises come in many different forms, each with its own unique characteristics.
Bearded Iris: The Most Common and Diverse Type
Bearded irises, the most common kind, are easily identified by the fuzzy “beard” on each of the flower’s lower petals. They come in a dizzying array of colors and sizes.
Dutch Iris: Popular for Cut Flowers and Easy Cultivation
With their slender stems and vibrant colors, Dutch irises are a favorite choice for cut flower arrangements. They’re also easy to grow in a variety of climates.
Japanese Iris: Elegant and Graceful Blooms
Japanese irises are known for their unique shape and intricate patterns. They thrive in moist soil and are often used in water gardens.
Louisiana Iris: Native to the Southeastern United States
The Louisiana iris is celebrated for its vibrant colors and unusual petal shapes. These irises tolerate wet conditions well and play an important role in wetland habitats.
The Iris in Art and Decoration
The iris has long been a favorite subject for artists and designers. From classic paintings to modern-day tattoos, the iris flower brings a touch of elegance and meaning.
Irises in Painting and Literature
Perhaps the most famous iris artwork is Vincent van Gogh’s “Irises.” The painting, created while van Gogh was living in an asylum, is often interpreted as a symbol of hope and resilience amidst mental struggle. In literature, irises often appear in poetry and prose to represent beauty, faith, and the fleeting nature of life.
Iris Tattoos: Personal Expression and Meaning
Iris tattoos are popular for their beauty and the deep symbolism they carry. They often represent faith, hope, wisdom, and courage. The color of the iris in a tattoo can add another layer of meaning. For example, a blue iris might symbolize faith and hope, while a purple iris could represent royalty and wisdom. Common iris tattoo designs range from simple, elegant outlines to elaborate, colorful depictions.
Floral Arrangements: Creating Meaningful Bouquets
When adding irises to a bouquet, think about the occasion and the message you want to convey. The color of the iris is key. Pair irises with complementary flowers and foliage to enhance their beauty and meaning. For a sympathy bouquet, consider white irises with lilies. For a celebration, bright yellow or purple irises mixed with other vibrant blooms can create a joyful arrangement.
Cultivating Beauty: Caring for Your Iris Plants
If you want to grow your own irises, here are some basics:
- Irises love well-draining soil and lots of sunlight.
- Watering depends on the type of iris. Some like drier conditions, while others need moist soil.
- Fertilize your irises regularly. Remove dead flowers to keep them blooming. Watch for pests and diseases and treat them quickly.
- You can divide iris rhizomes to grow more plants.
With a little care, you can enjoy the beauty and symbolism of irises in your own garden.
Closing Thoughts
The iris is a flower rich in history and meaning. Across cultures and throughout time, the iris has been associated with eloquence, hope, faith, wisdom, and valor. But the meanings don’t stop there; the color of the iris also influences its symbolism.
The iris remains a popular choice for gardens, bouquets, and art because of its beauty and its connection to positive qualities. Whether you’re looking for a gift that conveys a specific message or a flower that represents your own values, the iris is a versatile and meaningful choice.
Consider adding irises to your garden, using them in floral arrangements, or incorporating them into your art. By appreciating the iris, you can connect with its enduring symbolism and beauty.