Your car’s oil pressure keeps your engine running smoothly. It’s the force that pushes oil around the engine, lubricating all the moving parts to minimize friction and wear. Without proper oil pressure, your engine can overheat and won’t run efficiently.
If your oil pressure is low, that’s a problem you need to address immediately! This article will explain the most common causes of low oil pressure, what symptoms to look out for, and how to fix the problem.
Ignoring low oil pressure can lead to major engine damage, so let’s get started!
Why is oil pressure so important?
Your engine needs oil pressure to keep all its parts moving smoothly. Think of oil as a slippery film that sits between the metal components. Without that film, the parts rub together, creating friction and heat.
When there’s not enough oil pressure, parts start to wear down faster. Over time, inadequate lubrication can seriously damage your engine.
Adequate oil pressure helps your engine run efficiently and last longer. Low oil pressure can signal small problems that, if left unaddressed, may cause a significant repair bill.
Common causes of low oil pressure
Several factors can contribute to low oil pressure in your engine. Here are some of the most frequent causes:
Low oil level
If there’s not enough oil in the system, the oil pump has to work harder to maintain adequate pressure. This is why it’s essential to check your oil level regularly using the dipstick. Add oil if it’s below the “add” or “low” mark. Driving with a low oil level can cause significant engine damage, so this is one you want to stay on top of.
Faulty oil pump
The oil pump is what circulates oil throughout your engine. If the pump isn’t working correctly, it can’t maintain the pressure needed to properly lubricate the engine’s components. Oil pumps can fail due to wear and tear, internal damage, or blockages.
Worn engine bearings
Over time, engine bearings can wear down. When this happens, the clearances increase, allowing oil to escape and reducing the overall oil pressure. Fixing worn bearings typically requires a major engine overhaul.
Clogged oil filter
The oil filter removes contaminants from the oil, keeping it clean and free-flowing. A clogged filter restricts oil flow, which increases pressure before the filter, but can reduce pressure after the filter, where the engine needs it. Replacing the oil filter during every oil change helps prevent this problem.
Defective oil pressure sensor
The oil pressure sensor tells you what the oil pressure is. If the sensor malfunctions, it may give a false reading, indicating low oil pressure even when the actual pressure is fine. To confirm whether the sensor is accurate, you’ll need to have it tested by a professional mechanic.
What are the symptoms of low oil pressure?
It’s important to catch low oil pressure as soon as possible to avoid engine damage. Here are the most common symptoms:
- Illuminated oil warning light: Your dashboard has an oil pressure light that turns on when the pressure drops too low.
- Diminished engine performance: If your engine feels sluggish or doesn’t respond as quickly as it used to, it could be due to low oil pressure.
- Engine noise: Knocking or tapping sounds coming from the engine may mean the parts aren’t getting enough lubrication.
- Engine overheating: Without enough oil, friction increases, causing the engine to overheat.
- Burning oil smell: You might smell burning oil, which could be due to leaks or the oil burning because of high temperatures.
Diagnosing and Addressing Low Oil Pressure
When that oil pressure light comes on, it’s time to do some investigating. Here’s a rundown of how to pinpoint the problem and what to do about it.
Initial Checks and Inspections
Before you head to the mechanic, take a look at a few things yourself:
- Check your oil level and condition. Start by pulling out the dipstick and checking the oil level. While you’re at it, see if the oil looks sludgy or contaminated.
- Look for oil leaks. Pop the hood and scan the engine for any signs of oil leaks. Pay close attention to seals, gaskets, and hoses.
Professional Diagnosis
If you don’t see anything obvious, it’s time to call in the pros. A mechanic can run these tests:
- Oil pressure test. This test measures the actual oil pressure in your engine.
- Oil pump inspection. The mechanic will check the oil pump for wear, damage, or blockages.
- Sensor testing. The oil pressure sensor can be tested to make sure it’s working right.
Corrective Actions
Once you know what’s causing the low oil pressure, here’s how to fix it:
- Maintain proper oil levels. Check your oil regularly and keep it topped up.
- Replace the oil pump. If the oil pump is bad, get it replaced with a new or rebuilt one.
- Address worn bearings. This might mean an engine overhaul, depending on the severity.
- Change the oil filter. Do this every time you change your oil, or as often as your car’s manufacturer recommends.
- Replace the oil pressure sensor. If the sensor is faulty, swap it out for a new one.
The Bottom Line
The best way to avoid low oil pressure is to practice preventive maintenance. Check your oil level regularly, and make sure you’re using the right type of oil for your vehicle. Also, stick to your vehicle’s recommended maintenance schedule.
One of the easiest and most important things you can do is schedule regular oil changes and replace the oil filter each time.
Ignoring low oil pressure can lead to all sorts of engine trouble, including extensive damage that requires major (and expensive) repairs. So, be sure to address low oil pressure promptly to keep your engine running smoothly for years to come.