Pomeranians are popular because they’re small, fluffy, and full of personality. The breed is known for its distinctive “fox-like” face and huge ruff.
But have you ever seen a Pomeranian with a mottled or speckled coat? That’s a merle Pomeranian. The merle pattern affects the dog’s coat, skin, and even eye color. These dogs are becoming increasingly popular because of their unique look.
But there are some controversies and health concerns connected to the merle gene, and some kennel clubs don’t recognize the color as part of the breed standard. It’s important to understand the genetic implications and potential health risks before seeking out a merle Pom.
This article will give you a complete overview of the merle Pomeranian, including information about genetics, color variations, health considerations, and the ethical questions surrounding this unique coat pattern.
What is a Merle Pomeranian?
The word “merle” gets thrown around a lot when talking about Pomeranian colors, but it’s important to understand that merle isn’t actually a color. It’s a genetic pattern.
Think of it like this: a merle Pomeranian has a base coat color – say, red or blue – but the merle gene causes that color to be diluted in random patches across their body. This creates a mottled or splotchy effect, giving the dog a unique and eye-catching appearance. No two merle Pomeranians look exactly alike.
Merle Pomeranians have become increasingly popular in recent years. This is likely due to their distinctive look. However, it’s important to be aware that merle breeding is somewhat controversial. I’ll discuss this in more detail later, but it’s worth noting that the merle gene can be linked to certain health issues.
The genetics of the merle Pomeranian
The merle pattern is caused by a dominant gene. That means that only one parent has to carry the gene for the puppy to potentially express the merle pattern. (The puppy won’t necessarily have it.)
If a Pom has one copy of the merle gene and one copy of the non-merle gene, they’re considered “heterozygous” for merle. The merle gene also demonstrates “incomplete dominance,” meaning that the merle pattern can vary in its expression. Some dogs will have a very striking merle pattern, while others will have a more subtle or “phantom” merle.
Merle-to-merle breeding: The dangers of double merle
Breeding two merle dogs together is a bad idea. Doing so greatly increases the risk of having “double merle” puppies in the litter. Double merle dogs are at a much higher risk of developing serious health problems, including deafness and blindness.
Genetic testing can tell you whether a dog carries the merle gene. If you’re considering breeding a Pomeranian, genetic testing is essential to make sure you don’t accidentally breed two merle dogs together.
Merle Pomeranian Colors and Variations
The merle pattern shows up in a wide range of colors and combinations, making each merle Pom a unique little piece of art.
Base Coat Colors with Merle
The merle pattern isn’t a color itself, but rather a dilution of a base coat color. So, you’ll see merle Poms described by their base coat color first.
- Blue merle: This is probably the most common and recognizable. A blue merle Pom has patches of diluted black (appearing blue-ish gray) on a lighter gray or white background.
- Red merle: Instead of black, the base coat is red, so you’ll see patches of diluted red on a lighter cream or red background.
- Chocolate merle: This variation features patches of diluted brown on a lighter tan or cream background.
Merle with Other Patterns
The merle pattern can also combine with other coat patterns, adding even more visual interest.
- Merle with tan points: This means the Pom will have the merle pattern plus the typical tan markings you see in breeds like Dobermans, usually around the eyes, muzzle, and legs.
- Merle with white markings: Many Poms have white markings, usually on the chest, paws, or face. When combined with merle, it can create a striking, asymmetrical look.
- Particolor merle: “Particolor” means the dog has distinct patches of two or more colors. So, a particolor merle Pom might have patches of merle, white, and another color like orange or cream.
Blue Merle Pomeranians
Blue merle Poms are particularly popular and sought after. Interestingly, blue merle is the only merle color officially recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC). That doesn’t mean the other merle colors aren’t beautiful, just that blue merle is the only one that can be shown in AKC conformation events.
Health issues associated with the merle gene
While the merle coloring can be visually striking, the gene responsible for it can also bring some significant health concerns, especially when two merle dogs are bred together.
Hearing problems
The merle gene has been linked to deafness, especially in dogs with two copies of the gene (double merles). The merle gene can disrupt the normal development of the inner ear, leading to partial or complete hearing loss.
Eye defects
Eye defects are another serious concern. Merle dogs are prone to a range of eye problems, including:
- Microphthalmia (abnormally small eyes)
- Microcornea (abnormally small cornea)
- Colobomas (gaps or defects in the eye structure)
Veterinary studies have documented these issues in merle dogs. For example, research by Lambert (2004), Stockman (1990), and Strain (2004) highlights the increased risk of eye problems in dogs carrying the merle gene.
Other potential health concerns
Beyond hearing and vision, there are suggestions that the merle gene might be associated with other health issues such as reproductive problems and color dilution alopecia (hair loss linked to pigment abnormalities).
Importance of responsible breeding and health testing
Given these potential health risks, it’s vital that breeders conduct thorough health testing on their dogs. Responsible breeders should be transparent about the potential health problems associated with the merle gene and should work to minimize the risk of these issues in their puppies.
Finding an ethical breeder
If you’re considering a merle Pomeranian, it’s important to find a reputable breeder. Merle-to-merle breeding is considered unethical because it significantly increases the risk of health problems in puppies.
Here are some red flags to watch out for:
- Breeders who intentionally breed merle to merle.
- Breeders who don’t offer health testing for their dogs.
- Breeders who sell puppies through pet stores.
Here’s where to look for ethical breeders:
- The AKC Marketplace.
- The American Pomeranian Club.
- Local animal rescues or breed-specific rescues.
How much do Merle Pomeranians cost?
Merle Pomeranians typically cost more than standard colors. Blue merle Poms often command the highest prices.
In the United States, you can expect to pay upwards of $2000 for a merle Pomeranian puppy. In Australia, prices start around $6000. Blue merle puppies can easily cost as much as $6000 or more, depending on the breeder and the dog’s pedigree.
Be aware that some breeders try to charge excessive prices, simply because merle Pomeranians are considered rare. Do your research and make sure you’re paying a fair price before committing to a purchase.
The Pomeranian Temperament and Care
Pomeranians are known for being intelligent, active dogs, but they can also be a little stubborn at times. They tend to bond strongly with one person, sometimes becoming “one-owner” dogs. They’re alert little dogs and have a tendency to bark, so early training is a must.
Poms need moderate exercise and plenty of mental stimulation to keep them happy. Without enough activity, they can become bored and destructive.
Poms need daily brushing to keep their coat in good shape. They’re moderate shedders, so regular grooming is important to prevent mats and tangles.
Poms tend to be grazers, so you can usually leave food out for them all day. Be sure to choose a high-quality food that’s appropriate for their age and activity level, though, and be careful not to overfeed them, as they can easily become overweight.
Putting It All Together
Merle Pomeranians are undeniably striking dogs. Their unusual coat patterns are captivating, and for many people, that’s enough to make them a highly desirable pet. However, responsible breeding is crucial to ensure the health and well-being of these dogs.
If you’re considering bringing a merle Pom into your life, prioritize health and ethical considerations over color alone. A reputable breeder will be transparent about the potential health risks associated with the merle gene and will conduct thorough health testing on their breeding dogs.
The acceptance of merle in the Pomeranian breed standard remains a controversial topic, with some breed purists objecting to its inclusion. Regardless of the debate, it’s essential to focus on the health and welfare of the dogs themselves.
Continued research and education on the merle gene in Pomeranians are vital. By understanding the genetics and potential health implications, we can make informed decisions and ensure that these beautiful dogs live long, healthy, and happy lives.