If you think your dog might be pregnant, or if you’re planning a litter, it’s important to know what to expect. Canine pregnancy is a complex process, and understanding it is key to a healthy pregnancy and successful delivery.
The average dog pregnancy lasts between 58 and 71 days, with 63 to 65 days being the most common. However, breed and individual dog health can sometimes play a role in the length of the pregnancy. This means it is important to know what to expect week by week.
This guide provides a week-by-week overview of dog pregnancy, offering insights into fetal development, maternal care, and potential complications. With this information, you’ll have the knowledge to navigate each stage of your dog’s pregnancy with confidence.
Early Pregnancy: Weeks 1-4
The first month of a dog’s pregnancy involves conception, confirmation, and significant fetal development. Here’s what to expect during weeks 1 through 4:
Conception and Early Development (Weeks 1-2)
Dog pregnancy starts when a sperm fertilizes an egg. The fertilized eggs, now called embryos, then travel from the upper area of the uterus down to the lower uterus during the first couple of weeks.
It’s important to maintain your dog’s current weight and feed them high-quality, vitamin-rich food. Don’t overfeed them, but do make sure they’re getting a balanced diet.
Keep an eye on your dog for any changes in behavior or physical condition, even if they’re subtle. Not all dogs show obvious signs of pregnancy right away.
Confirmation and Continued Development (Weeks 3-4)
Around weeks 3 and 4, your veterinarian can confirm the pregnancy. They can often feel the puppies (this is called palpation) between days 21 and 35.
During this time, the puppies are developing major organs and the eyelids form around day 32. If you’re curious about how many puppies your dog is carrying, an ultrasound is recommended around days 25-30. It’s optional, but it can give you a good idea of the litter size and the overall health of the puppies.
Some dogs experience “morning sickness,” which is vomiting that can occur around days 30-35 of pregnancy. This is usually different from vomiting caused by illness, but if you have any concerns, it’s always best to consult with your vet.
Mid-Pregnancy: Weeks 5-6
Weeks five and six are a time of incredibly rapid growth for the puppies. They pack on about 75% of their weight during this period!
Because the puppies are growing so quickly, your dog’s nutritional needs will change. After about 28 days (four weeks), you should increase her food intake by about 10% each week.
Around day 35, you may start to notice some visible signs that she’s pregnant. Her abdomen will get bigger, and her nipples may enlarge.
It’s crucial to avoid putting any pressure on her abdomen, especially during this period. Rough handling could lead to a miscarriage.
You should also limit strenuous exercise in early pregnancy. However, once she’s past the first few weeks, you can usually resume normal activity until her belly gets too big and she slows down on her own.
Late Pregnancy: Weeks 7-9
As your dog enters the final weeks of pregnancy, it’s time to focus on preparing for the birth and ensuring she has everything she needs.
Preparing for Whelping (Weeks 7-8)
During these weeks, you’ll likely notice some significant changes in your dog’s behavior and physical condition. Her milk production will probably begin around week 7 or 8, and she may start exhibiting nesting behaviors like digging or rearranging bedding. This is perfectly normal as she prepares for whelping, or giving birth.
It’s important to prepare a whelping box for her in a quiet, comfortable area of your home. Get her used to it well before her due date so she’ll feel secure and relaxed when the time comes. Line the box with soft, clean bedding that’s easy to wash.
Now is the time to reduce your dog’s activity level. Long walks and strenuous play should be avoided. Switch her to a high-quality puppy food to provide the extra nutrients she needs during this final stage of pregnancy.
Final Stages and Labor Signs (Week 9)
Around week 8, your veterinarian can use X-rays to estimate the number of puppies in the litter. X-rays are most effective from days 42-45 but are generally recommended after day 55. This information can be helpful during the birthing process.
As your dog approaches labor, you’ll notice signs such as restlessness, decreased body temperature, and loss of appetite. Taking her temperature regularly can help you predict when labor is imminent. A normal temperature for a dog is usually between 101 and 102.5 degrees Fahrenheit. When her temperature drops below 100 degrees, labor is likely to begin within 24 hours.
Closely monitor your dog’s behavior during this time. Some dogs become clingy and want to be near their owners, while others prefer to be left alone. Respect her preferences and provide a calm, supportive environment.
Make sure you have your veterinarian’s contact information readily available in case of any emergencies during labor. It’s always best to be prepared for any unexpected complications.
Labor and Delivery
The big day is almost here! Knowing what to expect during labor and delivery can help you support your dog and recognize when veterinary assistance is needed.
Stages of Labor
Dog labor is divided into three distinct stages:
- Stage 1: This stage typically lasts 12-24 hours. During this time, your dog will experience contractions and her cervix will begin to dilate. You might notice restlessness, panting, nesting behavior, and a decreased appetite.
- Stage 2: This is the active labor stage, where the puppies are delivered. Expect this stage to last 1-24 hours. Puppies are usually delivered one at a time, with intervals of ½-1 hour between each pup. However, sometimes up to 2 hours can pass between deliveries.
- Stage 3: This stage occurs concurrently with Stage 2. It involves the expulsion of the placentas after each puppy is born. This stage is complete once all placentas have been delivered. Make sure to keep track of the number of placentas to ensure one isn’t retained, which can cause infection.
Potential Complications and When to Seek Veterinary Assistance
While most dog births proceed without issue, complications can arise. Dystocia, or difficult birth, is one potential problem. It’s important to know when to seek veterinary help. Call your veterinarian if:
- Labor lasts over 24 hours.
- More than 2 hours pass between puppies.
- Your dog is straining intensely without producing a puppy.
- You observe excessive bleeding or signs of infection (fever, foul-smelling discharge).
- Your dog shows signs of extreme distress, such as collapse or seizures.
Early intervention by a veterinarian is crucial in cases of dystocia or other complications. Don’t hesitate to seek professional help if you’re concerned.
Post-delivery care is also important. Monitor your dog closely for any signs of complications, such as retained placentas, infection, or mastitis (inflammation of the mammary glands). Ensure she has access to fresh water and nutritious food to support milk production.
Conclusion
Caring for a pregnant dog is a big responsibility, and careful monitoring is essential throughout the entire gestation period. A healthy pregnancy depends on veterinary care, proper nutrition, and a safe, comfortable environment for the mother-to-be.
Remember, this week-by-week guide isn’t a substitute for the advice of a qualified veterinarian. Your vet can offer personalized recommendations on diet, exercise, and preparing for whelping. They can also spot potential problems early and provide the necessary treatment.
While pregnancy can be a challenging time for your dog, it’s also a time of great joy and anticipation. With the right care and support, you can help your dog have a safe and healthy pregnancy and welcome a litter of adorable puppies into the world!