If your gums have pulled back from your teeth, you may have exposed tooth roots. When this happens, the cementum, which is meant to be protected by your gums and bone, becomes visible.
Exposed tooth roots can cause a lot of problems. They’re often sensitive to hot and cold, and they’re more vulnerable to decay. The condition can also lead to further gum recession.
This article will cover the common causes and symptoms of exposed tooth roots, and we’ll also discuss your options for prevention and treatment.
Tooth anatomy and gum recession: The basics
To understand why exposed tooth roots are a problem, it helps to know a bit about tooth anatomy and the role your gums play in protecting your teeth.
Tooth anatomy 101
Each tooth has several parts:
- Enamel, the hard outer layer that covers the crown, or visible part, of your tooth
- Dentin, the layer underneath both the enamel and the cementum
- Cementum, the bony tissue that covers the tooth root
- Pulp, the soft tissue at the center of each tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels
Your gums act as a barrier that shields the tooth root from bacteria and other harmful substances.
What is gum recession?
Gum recession is the process in which the gum tissue pulls back from the crown of the tooth, exposing more of the tooth and, eventually, the tooth root.
As the gums recede, the cementum that covers the tooth root becomes vulnerable to damage and decay.
What causes exposed tooth roots?
Several factors can cause your gums to recede and expose the roots of your teeth.
Gum disease (periodontal disease)
Gum disease is one of the most common culprits. It starts with gingivitis, or inflammation of the gums, and can progress to periodontitis, which is the destruction of gum tissue and the underlying bone.
Aggressive brushing
You may think you’re doing a good job by scrubbing your teeth, but brushing too hard or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can damage the gum tissue, leading to recession. It’s better to use a soft-bristled toothbrush and gentle, circular motions.
Other contributing factors
There are a few other things that can contribute to receding gums:
- Genetics. Some people are simply more prone to gum recession due to their genetic makeup.
- Tobacco use. Smoking weakens your immune system and increases your risk of gum disease, which can lead to gum recession.
- Bruxism (teeth grinding). Grinding or clenching your teeth puts extra force on your gums, which can cause them to recede.
- Trauma. Injuries to your mouth or gums can damage the tissue and cause it to recede.
- Misaligned teeth. If your teeth aren’t properly aligned, it can put uneven pressure on your gums, leading to recession.
Recognizing the symptoms
How can you tell if the roots of your teeth are exposed?
Tooth sensitivity
One of the first and most noticeable symptoms is tooth sensitivity. When the roots are exposed, the dentin layer, which contains tiny tubules leading directly to the nerve pulp, becomes vulnerable. This makes your teeth extra sensitive to temperature changes and certain foods and drinks.
You might experience a zing of pain or discomfort when consuming hot, cold, sweet, or acidic items.
Visual signs
Take a look at your teeth in the mirror. Do they look longer than they used to? This can be a sign that your gum line is receding. You might also notice that the root surface, which is usually covered by gum tissue, is now visible.
Other symptoms
Pay attention to your gums. If they bleed when you brush or floss, it could be a sign of gum disease and recession. Sore or tender gums, which are often inflamed and irritated, can also indicate a problem.
Finally, be mindful of your breath. Persistent bad breath (halitosis) can be a symptom of gum disease.
How to prevent exposed tooth roots
The best way to deal with exposed tooth roots is to prevent them from becoming exposed in the first place. Here are some strategies you can use.
Good oral hygiene
- Brush gently with a soft-bristled toothbrush. Aim the toothbrush at a 45-degree angle to your gums.
- Floss every day. Flossing removes plaque and trapped food particles from between your teeth.
- Use fluoride toothpaste. Fluoride helps to keep your tooth enamel strong, preventing decay.
Regular dental visits
- Get professional cleanings. Your dentist or hygienist can remove tartar and plaque buildup that can lead to gum disease.
- Get screened for early signs of gum recession. Your dentist can spot the early signs of recession and recommend preventative steps.
Lifestyle modifications
- Quit using tobacco products. Kicking the tobacco habit lowers your risk of gum disease and boosts your overall oral health.
- Address bruxism. If you grind your teeth at night, ask your dentist about wearing a mouthguard to protect your teeth and gums.
Treatment Options for Exposed Tooth Roots
If you have exposed tooth roots, there are several treatment options available, ranging from non-surgical approaches to surgical interventions. Your dentist will recommend the best course of action based on the severity of your condition and your overall oral health.
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Desensitizing Toothpaste: Specially formulated toothpastes can help reduce tooth sensitivity associated with exposed roots.
- Fluoride Varnish: Your dentist can apply fluoride varnish to the exposed roots to strengthen the enamel and reduce sensitivity.
- Antibiotics: In cases where gum disease is the cause of the recession, antibiotics may be prescribed to control bacterial infections.
Surgical Treatments
- Gum Grafting: This procedure involves taking gum tissue from another area of your mouth (often the palate) or a donor source and attaching it to the receded gum line. Different techniques include connective-tissue grafts and free gingival grafts.
- Root Canal Therapy: If the exposed root is severely decayed or infected, root canal therapy may be necessary to save the tooth.
- Dental Implants: In cases where the tooth is beyond saving due to severe decay or bone loss, a dental implant may be considered as a replacement.
Minimally Invasive Techniques
These newer techniques offer less invasive alternatives to traditional gum grafting:
- Chao Pinhole Technique: This technique involves making a small pinhole in the gum tissue and using special instruments to loosen and reposition the gums.
- Pat Allen Tunneling Technique: This approach uses donor tissue and specialized instruments to create a tunnel under the gum tissue, allowing the tissue to be repositioned over the exposed root.
Wrapping Up
Exposed tooth roots are more than just a cosmetic issue. If you have receding gums, it’s important to take action right away, as early detection and treatment can prevent more serious problems down the road.
You can take steps at home to prevent further gum recession and sensitivity. Brush and floss regularly, and see your dentist for checkups. If you use tobacco or grind your teeth, addressing these risk factors can also help.
Ultimately, treating exposed tooth roots often requires professional dental care. If you’re concerned about gum recession, talk to your dentist or a periodontist. They can evaluate your situation and recommend the best treatment options to protect your teeth and gums.