Want to be able to talk the talk when it comes to stairs? Knowing your balusters from your treads is essential if you’re working with contractors, designers, or even tackling a DIY staircase project.
This guide provides a detailed rundown of all the common staircase parts names and what they do. Whether you’re a homeowner, a DIYer, or a seasoned pro, this breakdown will help you navigate the world of staircases.
While staircases come in a wide variety of styles and designs, most share the same basic components.
Core staircase components: An overview
Staircases are more than just a way to get from one floor to another. They’re also an architectural element that can add beauty and style to your home. So what are all the parts of a staircase called?
Treads: The foundation of each step
The tread is the part you step on. Stair treads are usually made of wood, but you can also find them in stone, metal, or composite materials. The standard thickness is about 1 1/32 inches, but thicker options are available if you want a more substantial look.
Risers: The vertical connectors
The riser is the vertical board between each tread. Risers can be solid (closed) or open. Open risers are more common in industrial settings, while solid risers are standard in commercial and residential buildings. A typical riser is about 3/4 inch thick and 7 1/2 inches wide.
Stringers: The structural supports
Stringers are the structural supports that run along the sides of the staircase, holding the treads and risers in place. Like risers, stringers can be open or closed, depending on the design. The standard thickness for a stringer is 3/4 inch, but you can find thicker options for added support or a bolder aesthetic.
The balustrade: Safety and style
The balustrade is the railing system that makes your staircase safe. Here are the parts of the balustrade:
Handrails
Handrails are the rails you grab for support as you go up and down the stairs. You can find handrails made of wood, metal, or composite materials. They come in different styles, too, with names like mopstick, pig’s ear, and grooved.
Building codes usually require a graspable handrail on both sides of stairs and ramps.
Balusters (spindles)
Balusters, also called spindles, are the vertical posts that support the handrail. Like handrails, balusters come in many materials, including wood, iron, glass, and metal. You can find them in practically any design you can dream up.
Building codes also regulate the spacing between balusters. The gap between them typically can’t be more than 4 to 6 inches.
Newel posts
Newel posts are the big, decorative posts that anchor the handrail and balustrade at the top and bottom of the staircase, as well as at any turns in the stairs. Box newel posts, turned newel posts, complete newel posts, volute newel posts, and pegged newel posts are just a few types.
Because they anchor the entire system, newel posts provide structural support and stability to the whole balustrade.
Other staircase features and terms
Beyond the basic elements of treads, risers, and stringers, staircases often include other components that add to their functionality, safety, and appearance.
Stair nosing: The tread’s edge
Stair nosing is the rounded edge of the tread that sticks out over the riser below it. The nosing gives you a more secure place to put your foot, plus it protects the edge of the tread from wear and tear.
Landings and platforms: Places to pause
A landing is a level platform between two flights of stairs. Building codes usually specify minimum depth requirements for landings.
Decorative elements: Adding character
Staircases are often embellished with decorative touches that can add a bit of character to your home.
- Curtail steps: A fancy first step that’s often rounded or curved.
- Volutes and finials: Decorative elements that can be found on newel posts and handrails.
Winder stairs
Winder stairs are pie-shaped steps that change the direction of a staircase without using a landing.
Codes, safety, and customization
When designing, building, or renovating a staircase, it’s important to consider building codes for safety and accessibility.
Compliance with building codes
Staircases must meet certain standards. Two of the most important are the guidelines of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the International Building Code (IBC). Understanding these rules is critical for making sure your staircase is safe for everyone.
Customization options
You can build a staircase from a variety of materials, including wood, metal, glass, and composite materials. These choices open up a wide range of design possibilities.
You can also use custom glass panels, handrails, and newel posts to tailor the staircase to your individual design preferences.
To Conclude
We’ve covered a lot of ground in this guide, walking you through the names and functions of essential staircase parts, from treads and risers to stringers and balustrades.
Knowing the terms for each staircase component empowers you, whether you’re a homeowner, a DIY enthusiast, or a professional, to communicate clearly and make smart choices about staircase design and construction.
By combining safety with aesthetic considerations, you can create a staircase that’s not only functional and structurally sound but also visually appealing and a beautiful addition to your home.