South Carolina has a thriving snake population with 38 different species slithering around the state. Of those 38, six are venomous. Knowing which snakes are venomous is essential for safety, awareness, and knowing how to respond in case of an encounter.
This guide will provide an overview of the venomous snakes of South Carolina, highlighting their key characteristics, habitats, potential dangers, and the necessary safety precautions to take.
Venomous Snake Species in South Carolina
South Carolina is home to several types of venomous snakes. Here’s a quick look at each.
- Copperhead: The copperhead is the most common venomous snake you’ll find in South Carolina. Adults are typically around three feet long. About half of copperhead bites result in nothing more than pain and minor swelling.
- Cottonmouth (Water Moccasin): Cottonmouths are another venomous snake in South Carolina. They grow to about three feet long. They can be aggressive if they feel threatened, but they generally try to avoid people.
- Eastern Diamondback Rattlesnake: This is one of the biggest venomous snakes in North America. These rattlesnakes can get up to six feet long and weigh more than ten pounds.
- Timber Rattlesnake: Also called canebrake rattlesnakes, timber rattlesnakes are relatively rare in South Carolina, but they’re common and adaptable snakes.
- Carolina Pigmy Rattlesnake: These are small rattlesnakes, rarely longer than a foot. Their bites may be less severe, but you should still seek immediate medical attention if one bites you.
- Eastern Coral Snake: The Eastern coral snake is known for its colorful bands. They can grow to about two feet long. Their bites can be hard to detect, because they don’t hurt as much, and their effects can be delayed. Most deaths from coral snake bites happen because the neurotoxins in their venom cause respiratory failure. The eastern coral snake is the only venomous snake that’s found only in South Carolina.
How to identify venomous snakes
If you see a snake in South Carolina, here’s how to figure out if it’s venomous.
What to look for
- Head shape. Many venomous snakes have triangular heads, but this isn’t always a reliable way to identify them.
- Pattern and coloration. Copperheads, for instance, have an easy-to-spot hourglass-shaped marking along their backs. Coral snakes have a distinctive pattern of red, yellow, and black bands — “Red touch yellow, kill a fellow,” as the saying goes.
- Rattles. If it’s a rattlesnake, you’ll probably hear it before you see it!
Venomous vs. non-venomous
Besides the above, here’s what to look for to tell the difference between a venomous snake and a non-venomous snake:
- Scale patterns and pupil shape. Venomous snakes often have elliptical pupils.
- Behavior and habitat. What’s the snake doing, and where is it?
- Field guides. Look at reliable field guides and other resources to positively identify the snake.
Snake Behavior and Potential Dangers
Snakes don’t usually attack people. They’re more likely to bite if they feel threatened or you provoke them.
Different kinds of snakes behave in different ways. For example, cottonmouths are more likely to stand their ground than other snakes. Rattlesnakes might rattle their tails to warn you that you’re getting too close.
Knowing how snakes tend to behave can help you avoid them. When you’re walking or hiking, make noise so you don’t startle any snakes. Be extra careful in places where snakes are likely to be.
What to do if you encounter a snake
If you see a snake, the best thing to do is give it plenty of space. Observe it from a safe distance.
Never try to handle or kill a snake. Unless you need to protect children or pets, it’s best to leave them alone.
If you find a snake on your property and you’re concerned, call a professional animal control service to remove it. Never try to remove it yourself. They can identify the snake and safely relocate it if necessary.
Summary
South Carolina’s venomous snakes are important to the state’s ecosystem. Learning how to identify them and understanding their behavior can keep you safe when you’re outdoors.
By taking precautions and respecting snakes’ space, you can coexist peacefully with these fascinating creatures. If you know what to expect and how to react, you can enjoy South Carolina’s natural beauty with confidence.